結核病（tuberculosis，TB）是由結長線核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis自拿，MTB）引起(qǐ)的一種(zhǒng)人獸共患慢性相金傳染病，其早期診斷和檢測非常困難得離。常規的TB實驗室檢測技術主要是痰塗片和痰培通為養，這(zhè)是診斷肺結核的金标準，但均有一定的局限性，故對(d員作uì)其優化和改良是目前TB檢測研究的一個重要方向(南聽xiàng)，目前主要集中在硬件設備的升級改造上。近年來綠新，TB實驗檢測診斷技術發(fā)展較快。核酸擴聽中增方法成(chéng)爲TB診外線斷研究的新方向(xiàng)，包括環介導等溫擴增（l時民oop-mediated iso著不thermal amplification method，L站相AMP），結核分枝杆菌/利福平耐藥實時(shí)熒光定量核酸擴增（X船用pert Mycobacte-rium tubercu市靜losis/Rifamfampin，Xpert MTB/RIF農司），交叉引物恒溫擴增（crossing primi會費ng amplification，CPA），實如動時(shí)熒光恒溫擴增（simultaneoous amplific風們ation and testi師黑ng method，SAT）以及PCR技術等。免疫學那船(xué)檢測技術是TB檢測的另一個重要發(fā)就門展方向(xiàng)，現已研制出文西兩(liǎng)種(zhǒng)快速檢測方法銀子T-SPOT.TB和QuantiFERON-Gold test（QFT化輛）。還(hái)有一些新技術正在研發(子些fā)中，如基質輔助激光解吸電離飛行時(shí)間質譜（機房matrix-assisted laser desorption老離/ionization time of fligh員不t mass spectrometry，MALDI-TOF-M物問S）以及代謝标記檢測、納米孔測序等。TB檢測手段正由離畫傳統的細菌學(xué)檢查轉向(xiàng)免疫、分體器子診斷等更爲精确的方法。然而，不同診斷在紅方法均有局限性，在實際應用中需采用冷相多種(zhǒng)檢測方法相結合的議裡方式。本文對(duì)于全面(miàn)了解多種(zhǒng)TB檢媽機測技術的優點和局限性，從而選擇合适的檢測方法匠工具有幫助意義。
Research Progress on Labora技大tory Technologies for Detection o但視f Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis（TB）is a chronic亮熱 zoonosis cause報懂d by mycobacterium tuberculo算數sis（MTB），which is very di銀爸fficult to diagnose and detect at its 你區early stage. Fort科劇unately，the technologies o坐空f TB laboratory testing and 土市diagnosis has been developing能影 rapidly in recen資麗t years. As the main convent美兒ional testing te些輛chnologies，smear an新用d cultivation of sput中腦um are gold standard外行s，but both of the two technolog對店ies have some li裡鐵mitations，hence，th頻是eir optimization and impr吧聽ovement have bec女明ome the important direction for T女聽B testing，with an emphasis on upgr弟樂ading of related ha刀通rdware equipment. In order to solve 車頻such limitations，nucleic ac笑筆id amplification m術做ethods have been st刀就udied and explored，in子女cluding Loop-mediated區遠 Isothermal Amplification（看小LAMP），Xpert Mycobacte用很rium tuberculosis/Rifampin（Xpe慢離rt MTB/RIF），crossin朋如g priming amplification（CPA），民城simultaneous amplification an相就d testing（SAT）and PCR. Immunological空我 assays are also used fo跳金r TB testing，in which，電林T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-Gold test（南頻QFT）have been already developed. Ot南拍her new technologies are al技土so in developmen樂兒t，such as Matrix-assisted laser 答匠desorption ionization ti吃道me-of-flight mass spectrometry快商（MALDI-TOF-MS），metabolic marker 見費testing，nanopore sequencing，etc. At請費 present，TB testing methods are turn又水ing to immunoassay，molecular爸我 diagnosis and othe很紙r more accurate me師不thods from traditional bacteriological雜兒 testing. However，all the above明科 methods are limited，therefore diff業會erent technologies should be 白市used together in practice. In con計微clusion，the advanta新放ges and limitations of various坐這 TB testing technologies were 街離summarized，which would help to select 妹來appropriate method in practic慢謝e.
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