信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗屬于第三代疫苗，具有抗原民土表達效率高、安全性高、免疫原性強、可編譯性強，以及制備刀笑工藝簡單、易規模化生産和針對(duì)病原體變很司異有效性高等技術優勢，在新冠疫情防控中被(bèi)視作一種(zhǒ朋明ng)革命性的疫苗技術。但mRNA 疫苗穩定性差也玩，傳遞效率低，在臨床應用方面(內業miàn)受到很大限制。因此，當前及未來的研究主要集中在保證疫苗安厭笑全性的前提下，設計先進(jìn)和可耐受和慢的遞送系統，來提高抗原表達和提呈的效率，以及優化mRNA結構，達到延長(友低cháng)和控制表達持續時(shí)間的姐家目的。本文從mRNA疫苗的分類、作人窗用機制、技術優勢、遞送系統4個方面(miàn)，對(duì)mRNA疫苗免疫學計著(xué)機制研究進(jìn)行綜述，旨妹校在爲mRNA疫苗研發(fā)工作提供參考。

Advances in the Immun樹嗎ological Mechani身鄉sm of mRNA Vaccine

Messenger ribonucleic acid（mRNA）vacci子藍ne，as the third generation vaccin長身e，is characterized by high ant些我igen expression efficiency and saf喝見ety，strong immunogenicity and comp司知iling，simple pre靜舊paration techno離森logy，intensive production 線房and high efficiency against pathogen v唱但ariation，and has been regarded as a 懂技revolutionary vaccine technolog厭舊y in the prevention and control of C不為OVID-19. However場志，the mRNA vacci體歌ne is with poor stability聽農 and low transmission efficiency，whi如嗎ch is greatly limite微刀d in clinical application.書劇 Therefore，advanced and tolerable de朋分livery systems should be designed 公影to improve the efficiency 還樹of antigen expression and pre友樂sentation，to op船視timize the structure of mRNA and t子機hus to prolong and control th做聽e duration of expression，provi鐘窗ded that safety of the v員媽accine could be safeguar近老ded. The immunological mechanism o下費f mRNA vaccine 自們was summarized in the pape通行r from the aspects of classification，a林嗎ction mechanism，technical 電行advantages and delivery system of th兒內e vaccine，with a vi票我ew to providing a re都術ference for future deve舞去lopment of the vaccine.

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