傳染性造血器官壞死病進(jìn)境風險分析
爲評估傳染性造血器官壞死病病毒(infectious haem腦作atopoietic necrosis 站遠virus,IHNV)随國(guó)際貿易傳入我國(guó)的場花風險,按照世界動物衛生組織(WOAH)動物衛生風險評估框架,從危害識别、風險章嗎評估及風險管理3個方面(miàn)開(kāi)廠購展風險分析。結果顯示:IHNV随活易感魚類(包括親魚、魚卵和魚苗)和這雪鮮活餌料魚類(野雜魚)傳入的風險爲“高”;随非易感魚類及可上運輸活魚的水、包裝、運輸工具和用具等傳入的風險爲“很低”;随食用易感魚樂木類(包括活的、冷凍的、冰鮮的以及魚肉)和易感魚加工産品傳入的風險爲“可忽略國家”。根據以上風險評估結果提出相應風險管理措施:不從疫區進(jìn)口高風險費筆産品,低風險産品可以自由貿易,對(duì)來自疫區的外算非易感魚類和運輸活魚的水、包裝、運輸工具和用具實視微施消毒。Analysis on the En術從try Risk of Infectious Haemato女理poietic NecrosisIn order t動還o evaluate the entry ri鄉快sk of infectious haematopoietic ne風問crosis virus(IHNV)into China w自長ith international trad讀道e,hazard identification,ris說算k assessment and risk man好一agement concerning the disease we拿服re analyzed accordin報來g to WOAH entry risk assess腦花ment framework. The r船煙esults showed that the entry risk o是和f IHNV accompanying with live sus綠林ceptible fish(in一作cluding parent fish,fish eggs an風文d fries)and live fish著明 for baits(wild miscella工子neous fish)was“high”;that with小畫 non-susceptible fish as 很視well as water,packaging,means of trans用西port and applia為說nces for transporting live f山雜ish was“very low”;and that with susce拿拿ptible fish for hu國購man consumption(including live,fr書空ozen or chilled fi中火sh and fish meat)and process白窗ed products of su一話sceptible fish was “negligible”.就很 Based on the results of a商科bove risk assessment,cor哥器responding risk managem章的ent measures were put forward,su新人ch as,except the pr術林oducts at low r下子isk,those at high ris動東k should not be i她會mported from IHNV infected zone人醫s,all non-susceptible 大音fish from infected zones as we讀光ll as the water,packagi農友ng,means of transport and utensils f關兵or transporting live fi器外sh should be disinfected.原文鏈接:htt票懂ps://kns.cnki.net/kcms生近/detail/detail.aspx?dbco月村de=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTODAY&filen頻工ame=ZGDW202208008&uniplatform=NZKPT&視遠v=vPzqR5W2eDBPW01NTND6jUQA36Q1Ax3VbNRx紅少1a07JPqR0POzVCFHQWPyX6子雪ID1mgz
2022-09-21
2021年浙江省甯波市南美白對(duì)蝦養殖近放期EHP和DIV1病原監測
爲了解浙江省甯波市南美白對(duì)蝦主養區蝦肝腸胞醫拍蟲(EHP)、十足目虹彩病毒1(錯熱DIV1)的流行規律,2021年3—9月,在甯波市鄞州、象師東山、甯海、奉化等地區的15個養殖場共采集119批次南美白對(duì)蝦養什志成(chéng)期樣(yàng)本,采用PCR方法檢測船放EHP和DIV1。結果顯示:EHP批次陽船日性率爲26.9%(32/119),DIV1批次陽性率爲10.9%(13/119腦有),EHP+DIV1混合感染批草志次陽性率爲2.5%(3/119);EHP批次陽性率在各個養中熱殖區域之間差異不顯著(P>0.05報生),象山的DIV1批次陽性率最高,爲30.4%(7/2舊路3),顯著高于奉化(P<0.05),但與其他兩(liǎng)地差異不船廠顯著(P>0.05);EHP批次陽性率在體長(chá舊妹ng)3 cm以上的蝦樣(yàng)中顯著高于小聽白于3 cm的蝦樣(yàng)(P<0.0雜視5),而DIV1批次陽性率在不同體長(chán飛員g)對(duì)蝦中均無顯著差異(P>0.05路業);EHP批次陽性率4—5月顯著低于6—9月(P<0.05),DIV1批次陽匠術性率7—8月顯著高于其他月份(P<0.05);EHP在體表發(fā)區信紅症狀的批次中未檢出,在其餘症狀的批次中均有檢出,你的DIV1在有體表發(fā)紅症呢商狀的批次中陽性率較高,爲91.0%(10/11)。結果睡河表明:EHP在甯波市流行嚴重,主要流行于體長(chán紅愛g)大于3 cm的養殖中後(hòu)期對(duì)蝦,前期感染症狀不明顯河跳;DIV1流行得到一定的控制,現主要流行于體長(cháng)3~6 cm看小的對(duì)蝦,體表發(fā)紅是高低DIV1感染的重要病症;兩(liǎng)種(zhǒng)病原在夏我下季都(dōu)有較強的流行趨勢,需針對(duì光請)性加強防控。本監測初步掌握了甯波市南美樂報白對(duì)蝦中EHP和DIV1的流行爸民規律,爲甯波市南美白對(duì)蝦病害防控提供了參考。Etiolog這行ical Surveillance for EHP and D時風IV1 in Penaeus vannamei in Ni和還ngbo City of Zhejiang Province都遠 in 2021In order 呢飛to find out the prevalence rules of 知制Enterocytozoon hep金開atopenaei(EHP)and deca湖下pod iridescent virus1(DIV1)in P家花enaeus vannamei in the main breeding ar文黑ea in Ningbo City,from March to S聽黑eptember 2021,119 batches o月技f Penaeus vannamei務為 samples were collected 美這from 15 farms in 在森Yinzhou,Xiangshan,物聽Ninghai and Fenghua in Ningbo 上媽City to detect EHP and DIV1 by PCR. Th章書e results showed that the batch posit腦樹ive rate of EHP was 26.9%(32/119),the 白機batch positive ra劇腦te of DIV1 was 動亮10.9%(13/119),and that 來商of mixed infection紅飛 with EHP+DIV1 was 2.5%(3/119);tha喝影t of EHP was not significantl新靜y different among each area(P>0.05)慢票and that of DIV1 was high視弟est in Xiangshan,wh放線ich was 30.4%(7/23)and h空快igher than that in Feng學問hua(P<0.05),but slightly diff他但erent from the other two regi雨習ons(P>0.05);the positive rate of EH購就P was significantly higher in shrimp 呢匠samples with the body length>3 cm雪睡 than in those<3 cm(司討P<0.05),while that of DIV1 was n一拍ot significantly diff街土erent in those with different 多中body lengths;that of EH兵暗P from April to May was significan哥輛tly lower than that from June相頻 to September(P<0.05暗月),and that of DIV1 from J白國uly to August was significantly hig嗎低her than other month你姐s(P<0.05);except the batches with the雪跳 symptom of reddening 金中on body surface,EHP was detected fr數金om those with other symptoms,a兵微nd the positive rat男分e of DIV1 was higher in those w有計ith the symptom o雪不f reddening on body surface,which was自睡 91.0%(10/11). In co通厭nclusion,EHP was seriously preva器銀lent in Ningbo City,espec森時ially in the shrimps wit農服h the body length > 3 cm,but wit南也h slightly infection sympoms國低 at early stage;DIV1 was controlle了鐘d to certain extent,and now mainly 習那in the shrimps with body length rangin學器g from 3 to 6 cm,wi友她th main symptom of reddening on 做厭body surface;both pathogens were strong月生ly prevalent in summer,which should 友到be targetedly prevented and 習麗controlled. The prevalence rules of E分鐘HP and DIV1 in 車看Penaeus vannamei were primar離日ily investigated,又請which provided a refer森著ence for disease prevention and和微 control of Penaeus vannamei in 鄉跳Ningbo City.原文鏈接火女:https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/deta很森il/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=金金CJFDAUTODAY&filename=ZGDW202208007&unip文市latform=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2eD錯熱BmoUOTyz34-l1e5KVMeeM2-O44車西8Ocd7pL4ZBYBJRKHkyKcF9jBmJ1-
2022-09-21
我國(guó)近年來禽蛋産品主要藥物風險因素分析及控制
摘要:通過(guò)收集近年來國(guó)家市場監督管理總局發(fā)布的來但禽蛋産品監督抽檢的監測數據,結合國(guó)内有關畜禽産品質量安全家機檢測評估機構開(kāi)展禽蛋産品檢測研究獲下師得的數據,發(fā)現鮮雞蛋、土雞蛋、烏雞蛋、鵝蛋等禽蛋産品讀子中,氟苯尼考(胺)、恩諾沙星(以恩諾沙星與讀影環丙沙星之和計)、氧氟沙星、甲砜黴素、氯黴素、磺胺類藥物(市線總量)、甲氧苄啶、甲硝唑、地美硝唑、多西光船環素、呋喃唑酮代謝物[3-氨基-2-噁唑烷基酮(AOZ)]、金剛烷友讀胺等藥物存在殘留安全風險。針對(兒腦duì)這(zhè)些主要藥物風險因素進(jìn)行分析,提小高出有關控制對(duì)策建議:弟林加強對(duì)國(guó)家法律、法規、公告的宣貫和培訓;倡導建立雪遠集約化、标準化的蛋禽養殖場;建立蛋禽場良好(hǎo)生物從知安全體系,落實《全國(guó)獸用抗菌藥使用減量化行動方案》;增農錢強禽蛋産品生産主體的責任意識,切實落實好(是人hǎo)食用農産品承諾達标合格證制度;加強對(笑章duì)養禽過(guò)程中藥物使用的監管,得了強化養殖環節的監督檢查和産品抽老道檢;建立禽蛋産品跨省、跨地區流通監管機制,強化禽蛋産品市場準一那入和市場流通監管等。通過(guò匠動)收集近幾年國(guó)家市場監督管理總技子局(以下簡稱“市場監管總局”)發(fā)布的有關禽蛋産品監藍北督抽檢和風險監測數據,以及近年來開(kāi)展的禽蛋民技産品質量安全風險評估檢測研究中資頻獲得的檢測研究數據,發(fā)現當前我秒他國(guó)禽蛋的主要藥物風險因素爲酰胺醇類等7大類1呢光3種(zhǒng)(類)藥物。其中:抗菌藥物6大類紅舊12種(zhǒng)(類),包括酰胺醇類藥物——氟樹算苯尼考(胺)、甲砜黴素、氯黴素,氟喹諾酮子通類藥物——恩諾沙星(以恩諾沙星與環丙沙星之和計)、氧氟沙星,磺訊鐘胺類藥物——磺胺類(總量)、甲氧苄啶,硝基咪唑類藥物——甲男為硝唑、地美硝唑,四環素類藥物——多西環木工素,呋喃唑酮代謝物——3-氨基-2-噁唑烷基酮(A畫海OZ);抗病毒藥物1大類1種(zhǒng),爲金剛的技烷胺。通過(guò)對(duì)這(zhè)些主外店要藥物風險因素進(jìn)行分析,提動雜出相應的控制對(duì)策,以期爲我國(guó)制定禽蛋産又街品質量安全監管措施提供參考。數據收集國(guó)家市場監管總局近年劇城來發(fā)布的禽蛋産品不合格信息從國(高書guó)家市場監管總局網站收集2018年6月—2021年12月食市離用農産品監督抽檢鮮禽蛋不合格産品信息,包括鮮雞蛋、土雞蛋、烏雞蛋高視、鵝蛋等不合格鮮禽蛋産品118批次。主要不合格藥物參數124批錢慢次(個别樣(yàng)品同時(shí)不作有2種(zhǒng)藥物超标),包括氟苯尼考67批次、恩員購諾沙星(以恩諾沙星與環丙沙星之暗讀和計)43批次、氧氟沙星9批次、甲砜黴素1批次、氯黴素1批次、磺胺類(總量)子長1批次、地美硝唑1批次、金剛烷胺1批次。2018年6長學月—2021年12月的鮮禽蛋産品不合格雜這信息見表1。國(guó)家市場監管總局及部分省市電東市場監督管理局通報的2021年鮮禽蛋産品不合格吧畫信息2021年度國(guó)家市場監管總局、山東省黃是市場監督管理局、浙江省市場監督管理局和喝雜北京市市場監督管理局通報的300批次監督抽檢鮮和短禽蛋不合格數據顯示,主要不合格藥物參數包括氟苯筆得尼考、恩諾沙星、磺胺類、甲硝唑、著作呋喃唑酮代謝物[3-氨基-2-噁唑烷基酮(AOZ)]、金剛烷胺、氧氟沙星、花舊地美硝唑、甲砜黴素、多西環素、諾氟文公沙星、氯黴素、沙拉沙星等13種(zhǒng文體)藥物。2021年國(guó)家市場監管總局和山東拿花省等三省市市場監督管理局通報的鮮禽蛋抽檢不合通麗格項目信息見圖1。近年來對(duì)禽蛋産品質量安全風險評估檢懂報測研究情況通過(guò)農業農村部畜禽産品質員商量安全風險評估實驗室(南昌)等風險評估機構近幾年開短我(kāi)展的禽蛋産品質量安全風險評估檢測研究發(fā)現,近幾年開通禽蛋産品質量安全的主要藥物風險因素包括氟音員苯尼考(胺)、恩諾沙星(以恩諾沙星與環丙沙音資星之和計)、氧氟沙星、甲硝唑、磺南厭胺類藥物(總量,主指磺胺間甲氧嘧啶、磺胺習很甲噁唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶)、甲氧苄啶、甲砜黴素、氯黴素、多西環素、金黴素、土黴素訊朋、金剛烷胺、地美硝唑、諾氟沙星、光我洛美沙星、培氟沙星、喹乙醇、呋喃唑酮代謝物等,其中年中氟苯尼考(胺)、恩諾沙星(以恩諾沙星與環姐影丙沙星之和計)、氧氟沙星和甲硝唑具有較大殘留超标風險。這(zhè)4類藥物購不近年來在禽蛋産品中出現殘留超标的概率非常高,成(chéng)年低爲禽蛋産品最重要的藥物風險因素。其他有關藥物風險樹劇因素與國(guó)家市場監管總局在網上發(fā)布的數知議據也較爲吻合。主要風險因素按照收集到的禽醫生蛋産品藥物殘留風險因素出現頻次或樣(yàng)品數量判斷其風險程我哥度,對(duì)7大類藥物進(jìn)行以下排序,拍劇總體風險程度由高到低依次爲酰胺醇類藥物、氟師吃喹諾酮類藥物、磺胺類藥物、硝基咪唑類藥物、四環素類藥物、呋喃唑酮代謝物、抗病師在毒藥物。同時(shí)按國(g商老uó)家有關法規、标準和公告等進(jìn)行數據風險分析。酰胺醇類藥物廠內在國(guó)家标準《食品安全國(guó)家标準 食品中獸藥最大殘留限量》(G師事B 31650—2019)中,氟錢子苯尼考(以氟苯尼考與氟苯尼考胺之和計)和甲對得砜黴素是産蛋期嚴禁使用的藥物,實際頻友檢測值中最高殘留量分别爲930.0 μg/k懂就g和4.5 μg/kg,說(shuō)明我國(guó)養禽生産過(guò家哥)程中,仍然存在違規使用氟苯尼考和甲砜黴素的現象,導緻禽蛋中殘東小留超标。氯黴素的毒副作用較強,農業農村部第250号公告匠如《食品動物中禁止使用的藥品及其家員他化合物清單》(以下簡稱250号公告)明确規定在食品動物中禁止使用氯上車黴素,但實際檢測中卻時(shí家員)有檢出,檢出值最高達185.0 μg/kg。氟苯尼考殘留超标下光導緻禽蛋不合格的批次數高居市場開費監管總局和有關風險檢測數據榜首,是目前我國(guó)禽蛋産品最主要的一科藥物風險因素。氟喹諾酮類藥物近年來,恩諾沙星(以恩諾沙星與環丙沙星厭船之和計)是我國(guó)禽蛋産品重要的風險因素之一,出現不合格的批次數劇秒位居市場監管總局監測數據第二名。國(guó)家标準G音花B 31650—2019規定恩諾沙星爲産蛋期禁用藥物。而實際檢測結果要雨中最高殘留量爲5 827.6 μg/kg,男畫說(shuō)明在家禽養殖生産過(guò)程中,存在違規使用該種(zhǒng中還)藥物,緻使禽蛋出現殘留超标的情況。氧氟沙星是人專用藥物,《獸藥管理條例》規內朋定禁止將(jiāng)其用于動物,同時(shí)農業部第2292号公告也明确這國規定停止將(jiāng)這(z街就hè)種(zhǒng)藥物用于食品動物。但在實際檢測結果中,氧氟沙星在禽店知蛋産品中的最高殘留量爲623.3 μg/kg。在畜禽養殖過(guò)程中違法使刀湖用此類人用藥物,可能(néng)導緻畜禽産品存在較大質量安喝民全風險。磺胺類藥物國(guó)家标準GB 31650相紙—2019明确規定各種(zhǒng)磺胺類藥物(總量)和磺事微胺增效劑甲氧苄啶(TMP)均爲産蛋期禁止舞妹使用的藥物。在國(guó)家市場監管總局抽檢和風險監測評估結果中均有較多批次的少很超标現象,實際檢測的磺胺類(總量這老)最高殘留量爲9.2 μg/kg短件。目前家禽養殖産蛋期仍然存在違規使用此高員類藥物的情況,這(zhè)將(jiān分筆g)會(huì)大大影響我國(guó)禽蛋産品的質量安全。硝基咪唑類抗菌藥裡為物标準GB 31650—2019明确規定甲硝唑和地美硝唑允許用飛問作動物治療,但不得在動物源性食品中檢出,所以在禽火好蛋中應爲不得檢出。但市場監管總局發(f腦多ā)布的檢測結果中,地美硝唑的最高殘留量爲4.1 μg/kg;在視銀有關檢測研究中,甲硝唑的最高殘留量爲5花放6.8 μg/kg。檢測結果表明我國(g子土uó)在養禽過(guò)程中存在違法使用硝基咪唑類抗菌藥物的情況,可能(n飛風éng)造成(chéng)較大質量安全風險。四環素類船這藥物标準GB 31650—201熱場9規定四環素類藥物土黴素、金黴素、四環素在禽蛋中的討森最大殘留限量爲400 μg/kg會工,但多西環素在産蛋期禁止使用。亮區在有關檢測研究中,多西環素的最高殘留量爲1看火59.0 μg/kg。綜合分析國(guó)家市場監管總局抽檢監測和有關風險監測東裡評估結果,發(fā)現多西環素是禽蛋産品較爲重要的藥物風險因素。硝基書男呋喃類代謝物有關數據顯示,目前禽蛋産品中存在較大風險的硝吧雜基呋喃類藥物爲呋喃唑酮代謝物[3-氨基-2吃歌-噁唑烷基酮(AOZ)]。250号公告明确規定呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮報國、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃苯烯酸鈉在食品動物中禁止使鄉得用,因此在禽蛋中應爲不得檢出,但在有關說土檢測研究中,呋喃唑酮代謝物(AOZ)的最高殘留量爲1 331.2 μ工謝g/kg,所以此類藥物仍然存在質量安全風險。抗病毒就姐藥物金剛烷胺是人專用抗病毒藥物,《獸藥管理條例新厭》明确規定禁止將(jiāng)人用藥品用于動物。草森金剛烷胺等人用抗病毒藥物移作獸用,缺乏科學(xué)規範、村廠安全有效的實驗數據,用于動物病毒性疫病不會樂但給動物疫病控制帶來不良後(hòu)果,還(hái)影響國秒請(guó)家動物疫病防控政策的實施。在有關檢測研究中,金剛烷胺最高殘留量也時爲657.0 μg/kg,表明若在養禽過(guò)程中違法使少花用,可能(néng)會(huì路事)導緻禽蛋産品存在質量安全風險。對(duì)策建議禽蛋産雜她品的質量安全風險因素除疫病和緻病微生物等生物性風險謝雜因素以外,還(hái)存在藥物殘留超标風險。因此數畫,應加強對(duì)相關藥物風險因素的監管和控制,從國(guó)家到地小風方實施綜合性管控措施。通過(guò)加強宣傳教育和知識培訓,提高人民群衆對(的報duì)食用農産品質量安全的認知,增強蛋禽産品生用照産和加工企業主體責任意識,不斷推進(jìn)落實食用農産品承諾達标合格習民證制度,強化蛋禽場養殖環節監管,完善市場準入開風和流通監管機制等措施,爲廣大人民群衆提供更多更好(hǎo)的禽蛋産品,提船就高我國(guó)禽蛋産品的質量安全水平。加強對(duì)家禽養殖和禽蛋放問産品生産者的法律法規、标準、公告的宣貫和培訓加強對(duì)《中華人民共和國說就(guó)農産品質量安全法》《中華人民共和國(guó)畜牧法》《中華東低人民共和國(guó)動物防疫法》《雪黑獸藥管理條例》以及《中華人民共和國(guó)獸藥典》、《食品安全國(gu短師ó)家标準 食品中獸藥最大殘留限量》(GB 31650—2019)、《食品很司動物中禁止使用的藥品及其他化合物清單》(農業農村部公告第25城微0号)、《關于停止生産、進(jìn)口、經(jī習玩ng)營、使用部分藥物飼料添加劑》(農業農村部公告第194号)現睡等法律規範的宣貫和培訓。對(duì)産蛋期家禽禁用藥物、限用藥物品種(z舞女hǒng)和安全用藥間隔期、休藥期規定等進(jìn)行麗文大力宣貫,將(jiāng)有關政策規定落實到家禽養殖裡秒和禽蛋産品加工經(jīng)營主體及相關人員,提高他但地們綠色養殖和守法養殖的自覺性。倡導建立議子集約化、标準化的蛋禽養殖場,實現蛋體唱禽養殖生産标準化和規範化目前我國(guó)部分船上大型蛋禽養殖加工企業實現了集約化、标去到準化和規範化生産,機械化和自動化程度高,養殖環境好(h西爸ǎo),疫病防控好(hǎo),藥物殘留風險低。有錢老條件的企業還(hái)建立了檢測實驗室,開(kāi)展飼料、獸藥和禽蛋産品的質通有量安全檢測,通過(guò)開(kāi)展禽蛋廠看産品質量自控,确保禽蛋産品質量安全,滿足出口和内銷老來要求。但大多數蛋禽養殖場(戶)未實現集約化和标準化生請微産,規模小,飼養管理較差,養殖環境差,家禽疫病發(fā)生概率高,藥物使區兒用較爲頻繁,增加了獸藥殘留風險,也難以做到禽蛋産品朋費質量自控。因此,倡導建立集約化、标準化的蛋鐵船禽養殖場,實現家禽養殖生産标準化和規範化,嚴格水聽按照有關法規和規範要求進(jìn)行生産,加強禽蛋産品質量自控,從根本上減少黃放或杜絕藥物殘留超标風險,确保禽蛋産品的質量安全。養禽場建立自術良好(hǎo)生物安全體系,減少疫病發(f雜業ā)生,落實《全國(guó)獸用抗菌藥使用減量化行動方案》養禽場要建立良好(內開hǎo)的生物安全體系,建立人員和生物安全體系管理制度。加強飼養管理電信,提高家禽自身免疫保護力,強化疫病防疫控制,建立并技黃實施适合本場的防疫程序和消毒程序,确保不發(f動明ā)生禽流感等禽類重大疫病,确保較少跳暗發(fā)生或不發(fā)生呼吸這工道(dào)疾病和大腸杆菌病、球蟲病等銀也消化道(dào)疾病。在進(jìn)行治療性用藥時(shí),匠場嚴格按照國(guó)家标準GB 31650—2019以及農業農村部第2什問50号公告和第194号公告等規定合理使用藥物,不使用禁用藥和促生長(c東冷háng)的藥物飼料添加劑。落實好(hǎo線書)《全國(guó)獸用抗菌藥使用減量吃場化行動方案》,養禽場應樹立健康養殖、預防姐冷爲主、綜合治理的理念,從“養、防、規、慎、替”五個方面(mi讀快àn),建立完善管理制度,采取有效管控措北呢施,實現減抗目标,提高飼養管理和生物安全防護水平。增強養禽場和禽蛋産費人品生産主體的責任意識,切實落實好(hǎo)食用農産品承諾達标合格證制度男廠2021年中央1号文件要求,加強農産品質量和食品安全監管月草,發(fā)展綠色農産品、有機農産品和地理标志農産品,試行食用農産品達标合格證為費制度。2021年11月4日農業農村部發(fā)布的《農業農村部不那辦公廳關于加快推進(jìn)承諾達标合格證制度試行工作的通知》指出,自201來放9年農業農村部在全國(guó)試行食月舊用農産品合格證制度以來,各地農業農村部做市門積極推進(jìn),壓實了生産電日主體責任,促進(jìn)了産管銜接,進綠通(jìn)一步完善了農産品質量安全監管措施,取得了階段性錢機成(chéng)效。2022年中央1号文件要求,開(制亮kāi)展農業品種(zhǒng)培優、品質提升、品牌打造和标準化生産提升北師行動,推進(jìn)食用農産品承諾達标合格證制度,完善全産業話音鏈質量安全追溯體系。應積極開(kāi)展新“三品音家一标”提升行動,通過(guò)标準化美火生産,培優品種(zhǒng),打造畫舞食用農産品品牌,提升食用農産品質量安全水平;通過(guò)推進(jì友道n)食用農産品承諾達标合格證制度,不斷強化養禽場和禽蛋産品生産企業的主科費體責任意識,加強家禽養殖和禽蛋産個開品全過(guò)程質量安全控制和管理,不斷完善全産業鏈質時媽量安全追溯體系,堅決不使用違禁藥物及其他違禁投入品,減少甚至杜農兒絕藥物使用風險,确保禽蛋産品質量安全校從。農業農村主管部門應加強對(duì)家禽養殖過(guò)程使用藥物的監管,強月開化養殖環節的監督檢查和産品抽檢各地農業農村部門除完成拿少(chéng)國(guó)家和省級層面(miàn)下達公低的禽蛋産品質量安全監管、監督檢查和産品抽檢任務外,還(hái)應刀樹自行不定期開(kāi)展對(duì)屬地蛋禽養殖場的監督檢查和督友短導,檢查養殖檔案以及防疫和用藥海睡等生産記錄,增強養禽場(戶)的安全用藥意識,不定期抽取養禽場的禽蛋樣就去(yàng)品開(kāi)展主要藥物風險因素的檢測評估,并及時(s哥笑hí)向(xiàng)上級部門報告有關主要藥物風險的動态信息;加大站術對(duì)禽蛋産品中氟苯尼考(胺)、恩諾沙星(以恩諾沙星畫見與環丙沙星之和計)、氧氟沙星、甲硝唑、金剛烷胺等主要藥物風險因素的監督抽子數檢和風險監測,獲取我國(guó)禽蛋産品質量安全真實檢測數據,爲農業煙開農村主管部門制定禽蛋産品質量安全監管措施提供依據。建立禽蛋産樹空品跨省、跨地區流通監管機制,強化禽蛋産品市場準入和市場水讀流通監管目前,我國(guó)鮮禽蛋産品跨省、跨地區流通情況較爲普遍。此類産品師地在常溫下保質期較長(cháng),便于長(c短文háng)途運輸,小包裝的品牌禽蛋可進(jìn)行質量安全追溯,靜話但不注明外包裝的散裝禽蛋由經(jīng)紀人或收貨人收睡亮貨後(hòu),直接進(jìn)入跨省、跨地區流通銷售信跳環節,難以進(jìn)行質量安全追溯。這(zhè)畫請些散裝禽蛋産品一般不進(jìn)窗章行藥物殘留檢測,直接流向(xiàng)市對的場,可能(néng)會(huì車場)出現質量安全問題,因而禽蛋産品跨省、跨區去地區流通存在一定的監管漏洞。因此應建立禽蛋産品跨省、跨地區流通監鐵他管信息共享互認機制,建議各地積極開(kāi)展禽蛋産品主要放區藥物風險因素上市流通前檢測,根據檢測結果出具拍務合格證明,同時(shí)結合蛋禽企地長業的食用農産品質量安全承諾達标合格證,方可允許進(jìn)入到本地市場進(jì書會n)行流通和銷售。通過(guò)建立跨省、跨地區監管和市場準入機制,玩白提升我國(guó)的禽蛋質量安全監管水平。
2022-09-21
mRNA疫苗免疫學(xué)機制研究進(jìn)展
摘要:信使核糖核酸(mRNA)疫苗屬于你如第三代疫苗,具有抗原表達效率高、安全性高、免疫原性強、可編譯性強,以很慢及制備工藝簡單、易規模化生産和跳到針對(duì)病原體變異有效性高等技術優勢,男現在新冠疫情防控中被(bèi)視作一種(zhǒ哥中ng)革命性的疫苗技術。但mRNA 疫苗穩窗市定性差,傳遞效率低,在臨床應用方面(miàn)受到很大限制。因此,當前及音為未來的研究主要集中在保證疫苗安全性的前草志提下,設計先進(jìn)和可耐舞男受的遞送系統,來提高抗原表達和提呈的效物間率,以及優化mRNA結構,達到延長(cháng)和控制表達持續時(shí)間的地我目的。本文從mRNA疫苗的分類、作用機制、技術優勢、遞送系統4個方面美房(miàn),對(duì)mRNA疫苗免疫學(xué)機制研究進(jìn)服遠行綜述,旨在爲mRNA疫苗研發(fā)工作提供參考。疫苗技術分爲全病毒滅活他煙疫苗、減毒活疫苗、病毒載體嵌合疫苗、基因工程亞公山單位疫苗、核酸疫苗等多條技術路線。第一代滅活和減毒活疫苗的生産應用已然成技林(chéng)熟,第二代基因工程疫苗也先後(hòu)有産品問世秒書。而信使核糖核酸(mRNA)疫苗屬于第三代疫苗技術,具有制備年著工藝簡單、易規模化生産和針對(duì)病原體變異暗明有效性高等技術優勢。滅活疫苗、亞單位疫苗安全性高公男,但免疫原性差,誘導細胞免疫的能飛照(néng)力有限;弱毒疫苗、載體疫苗免術快疫原性強,能(néng)夠誘導較強的體液免疫與細胞免疫,但安全性較差,存在核酸男為整合進(jìn)入宿主基因組的風險,其中視音弱毒疫苗還(hái)存在毒力返強風險;核酸白放疫苗中,DNA疫苗能(néng)夠動新同時(shí)誘導體液免疫與細胞免疫反應,但其保護效率通常較低厭輛,且也存在核酸整合進(jìn)入宿主基因的風險。相關研究表明,有的mRNA本妹花身可作爲疫苗佐劑,其作用機制是通過(guò)刺是區激免疫系統産生多種(zhǒng)細胞因錢慢子,從而提高機體免疫力,大大縮減免疫應答時(媽資shí)間,增強産生和釋放抗體的能(néng)力,具有極大都男應用價值。mRNA疫苗的主要組成(影頻chéng)部分是人工合成(chéng)的mRNA分子,其由5低笑9;端帽、5'非轉錄區、編碼抗原的開朋訊(kāi)放閱讀框、3'UTR和視呢多腺嘌呤尾5個部分組成(chéng)。m文也RNA分子可指導細胞合成(chéng)抗原,激花看發(fā)免疫反應。由于mRNA能(néng)夠以快速、直接的方式進(jìn又跳)行反應合成(chéng),因此mRNA疫苗在到爸面(miàn)對(duì)突發(fā)個這性傳染病流行時(shí),能(néng)夠成(chéng)爲理想的刀費候選疫苗類型。本文從mRNA疫苗的見醫分類、作用機制、技術優勢、遞送系統4個方面(m作河iàn),對(duì)mRNA疫苗免疫學(xué)機制研究進(jì東土n)展進(jìn)行綜述,旨在爲疫苗研發(fā)近在人員選擇mRNA疫苗特異高效遞送系統,降低mRNA疫苗副友愛反應,降低mRNA疫苗成(chéng)本,提高mRNA疫苗穩定性等技術方面(草行miàn)提供參考。mRNA疫苗分類mRNA 疫爸兒苗包括非複制型mRNA(non-replicati見喝ng mRNA)疫苗與自擴增型mRNA海下(self-amplifying mRNA,SAM 來員mRNA)疫苗。兩(liǎng)種(麗路zhǒng)mRNA疫苗都(dōu)可以通過(音技guò)cDNA、線性化質粒DNA體外轉錄而成但我(chéng),經(jīng)呈遞系統轉導進(jì了東n)入細胞,表達目的抗原。與非複制型mRNA疫麗農苗相比,SAM mRNA疫苗誘導的抗原産歌歌量顯著提升,抗原持續時(shí)間、免疫應答時(shí)間大大延長(cháng我兒)。同樣(yàng)是編碼H1N1 HA蛋白的mRNA,1.25 μg S術答AM mRNA疫苗即可達到與80 μg非複制型mRNA疫苗相同的效果。非複制型火做mRNA疫苗僅編碼抗原蛋白,具有結構簡單的優點,議文但需要成(chéng)熟的優化工藝才能(néng)以較跳文低的劑量誘發(fā)有效的免疫應答。S物雜AM mRNA疫苗利用了病毒的非結構蛋白基因,用外源靶蛋鄉吧白基因(抗原基因)替換病毒的結構基因,因而可老著以在轉染細胞内擴增,使其編碼的抗原基因大量表達,且因結構蛋白基因缺失,使病毒白如不具有原有的感染性和毒性,具有較好(hǎo)的安全性。mRNA疫苗技術優勢mR照又NA疫苗具有諸多優勢:抗原表達效率高,因無需白兵進(jìn)入細胞核即可完成(chéng)翻譯,其農市翻譯效率是DNA疫苗的數倍;安全性高,生産我西過(guò)程中不使用病原及抗生素,且不存在整合進(jìn)入師錢宿主基因組的風險,因而提高了生物安全性;免疫原性強,能(nén不購g)夠同時(shí)激活體液免疫與細胞免疫,滿足抵禦各類病原體的需要;可編譯性到體強,能(néng)夠以設想方式編碼目的抗原,從而實現高效表達訊數。當機體接種(zhǒng)mRNA疫苗後(hòu機離),其將(jiāng)進(jìn)入細胞内并能(néng)夠在細胞質中家姐進(jìn)行翻譯,從而成(chéng)功激活體内的免疫應答。mRN草事A疫苗不進(jìn)入細胞核即可進(jìn)行反應,而自劇DNA疫苗隻有到達細胞核才能(néng)發(fā)揮效果,因此mRNA疫苗雨要不存在整合機體基因組的風險,不會(huì)導在多緻基因整合突變,即不存在轉基因生物安全風險,理論上比DNA核酸疫苗安全性更村吧高。同時(shí),mRNA疫苗生産不需要用細菌或細胞作爲培養基,因此病得讀原微生物污染風險較低。mRNA分子還(hái)具有免疫佐靜就劑效用,可以有效激活機體的免疫應答,作爲佐吃月劑時(shí)以被(bèi)Tol師但l樣(yàng)受體識别方式來刺激機體免疫細胞分泌産生腫瘤壞死因子(答體TNF-α)和幹擾素(IFN-γ)等細胞因子,從就個而調節機體免疫應答。mRNA疫苗的制備生産采用全合成(chéng那鐵)制備技術,不同品種(zhǒng)mRNA疫苗使用的生産工藝和儀器設備均醫視是相同的,因此研發(fā)周期較短,成(chéng)本較低,易于标準化公店和規模化生産。此外,在mRNA疫苗的研發(fā)制備生産過(黃放guò)程中,即使發(fā)現或尋找到新的病原體抗原話我蛋白,也不需要調整規模化生産過(guò)程,不妹服需要更改生産設施、設備及其他工藝條件,僅需調整mRNA表達序列,因我制此mRNA疫苗的生産具有較高的那資靈活性和效率。mRNA疫苗區别于其他疫苗的森近另一個技術優勢是其可引發(fā)機體主要組織相容性複合體(majo醫些r histocompatibility complex,MHC)Ⅰ類免但票疫通路和MHC Ⅱ類免疫通路的呈笑區現,可引發(fā)機體細胞毒性T淋巴細胞反應。mRNA分子能(n白海éng)夠在機體細胞質中瞬時(shí)表達抗原蛋白,這海店(zhè)些被(bèi)瞬時(shí)表達的抗原蛋白大量積聚,被(b姐務èi)加工成(chéng)抗原多肽,裝載至靜件MHC Ⅰ類免疫通路中。mRNA分子也可在MHC Ⅱ類免疫通路區上中作爲抗原蛋白來源,在mRNA分子瞬時(shí)表達抗姐少原蛋白分泌和循環後(hòu),直接從細胞質穿梭至溶酶體。此外,機體機做細胞漿中少量的mRNA分子即可將(jiān藍黑g)大量的抗原蛋白遞呈至細胞毒性T淋巴細胞。mRNA疫苗遞送系統站近mRNA在機體外的高效合成(chéng)技術以及在機體内的高效公高遞送技術是現階段開(kāi)發(fā)和應用mR去民NA疫苗的兩(liǎng)大核心技術。在體内環境中,mRNA半衰期短、金媽穩定性差,直接進(jìn)入機體我拿容易被(bèi)體内廣泛存在的RNA酶我短降解。而合适的載體材料可确保mRNA疫苗具有極高的穩定性和可控的安全做國性,可將(jiāng)mRNA高效遞送到機體細胞内。mRNA疫苗隻有進(jìn章化)入到細胞質中,才能(néng)發(fā)揮抗原效應,這(zhè)是其事問發(fā)揮疫苗關鍵效力的重要基討木礎。相關研究表明,隻有小于1 000 Da的分子才頻少可進(jìn)行被(bèi)動個家轉運,轉運一般是在細胞膜上進(jìn)行員低。mRNA相對(duì)分子質量較大時(shí),攜到習帶負電荷,且由磷脂雙分子層結構組成(短購chéng)的細胞膜同樣(yàng)攜帶負電荷,因此mRNA分子可被(b朋日èi)包裹形成(chéng)納米微粒,在載體幫助下進(jìn)入細胞内。抗裡頻原呈遞細胞將(jiāng)mRNA分子能老轉運至機體内的靶細胞時(shí)需要避免酶的幹擾,避免其發(fā)生降解。mR紅坐NA疫苗成(chéng)功表達的關鍵是避免mRNA酶的降解,從而保證其完整性弟去。采用納米載體包裹的mRNA疫苗可通過(guò)靜脈注射司影方式的原因是其能(néng)夠森線很好(hǎo)抵禦酶的降解。對(du鐘農ì)于mRNA疫苗來說(shuō),遞送系統的選擇至關重要。遞送系統分廠厭爲非靶向(xiàng)遞送系統和靶向(xiàng)遞送系統。非靶向(xiàng是友)遞送是指運輸進(jìn)入機體的mRNA非特異性地進(兒西jìn)入各類細胞或組織,通常使用脂質納米顆粒來完成(chéng);靶向(x草答iàng)遞送則是指通過(guò)結合抗體或核酸适配體等方式,將(jiā行紅ng)mRNA靶向(xiàng)為兵遞送到特定的細胞或組織。靶向(xiàng)遞送系統主要有抗原抗體特異紙照性結合和核酸适配體及其受體特異性結合兩(liǎng)種(zhǒ聽習ng)模式,其原理是在運載mRNA的納米顆粒中加入靶刀冷向(xiàng)特定細胞表面(mi也票àn)分子的抗體或者核酸适配體,通過(guò)抗原-抗體作機熱用或核酸适配體-受體的高親和力結合,來實現mRNA向(xiàng)目的細胞的照科特異性運輸。非靶向(xiàng)遞送系統包括校銀脂質納米顆粒(LNP)、多聚體納米顆粒和蛋白衍生物-m頻刀RNA複合體。LNP通常由4個部分組成(chéng),分别是陽離子脂暗錯質、脂質連接的聚乙二醇(PEG)、膽固醇和天然磷脂。陽火業離子脂質能(néng)夠與mRNA一起(qǐ)組唱一裝成(chéng)病毒大小的顆粒,并協助m師吧RNA在細胞質中的釋放;PEG可延長(cháng厭間)制劑的半衰期;膽固醇主要起(qǐ)穩定劑的作用;而天然磷脂則構建起(qǐ)民朋脂質單層結構,將(jiāng)陽離子脂質-mRNA包裹于錢技其中。脂質載體對(duì)mRNA分子的包封率高,對(duì)機體細身玩胞的靶向(xiàng)性強、親和性好(hǎo),生物相但用容性高。同時(shí),有一部分脂公長質載體可以將(jiāng)mRNA疫苗,以非侵入性方式在機體内進(jìn她快)行靶向(xiàng)遞送。基于脂質載到跳體的遞送系統能(néng)夠包裹mRNA分子唱鄉,憑借其包封率高的特點,保護mRNA分子免受mRNA化小酶降解的幹擾。目前,能(néng)夠進(jì司說n)行mRNA疫苗遞送的另外一種(zhǒng)非病綠答毒載體材料主要有多聚物、陽離子脂質、細胞穿透肽、樹形分子及其衍生物、陽離子脂事機質聚合納米顆粒、多聚腺苷酸結合蛋白等。但mRNA疫苗遞送系統的草作自身穩定性差,對(duì)機體細胞有毒副吧科作用,載體對(duì)mRNA包封率低等一系列問題還(hái)自哥有待進(jìn)一步解決。mR聽學NA疫苗免疫學(xué)機制mR如照NA 疫苗基于“中心法則”,將(jiāng)含有務文編碼特定抗原的mRNA序列進(jìn)行優化、化開亮學(xué)修飾以及基因純化加工,通過(g月花uò)接種(zhǒng)進(jìn)入機體,在機體細胞腦照中翻譯産生編碼蛋白,從而誘導免疫反應,補充接種(zhǒng)機體的蛋白含量,章事産生機體的免疫反應,從而預防傳染病。mR訊去NA疫苗可經(jīng)MHC Ⅰ類以及MHC 學是Ⅱ類2種(zhǒng)抗原提呈途徑,引發(fā)體液免疫與場大細胞免疫反應。mRNA疫苗經(jīng)注射進(jìn)入機體匠船後(hòu),可被(bèi)抗原遞呈細胞捕獲,先啓熱錢動機體先天免疫應答,後(hòu務錯)啓動機體适應性免疫應答,從而全面(mià紙算n)激活體液免疫與細胞免疫。mRNA疫苗可在抗原遞呈細胞中表達麗黑抗原蛋白,當抗原蛋白經(jīng)溶器弟酶體處理爲抗原肽後(hòu),這(zhè)些黑明肽段又被(bèi)MHC遞呈給CD4+、CD8+ T細胞會唱或者通過(guò)釋放被(bèi)B細胞識别,從而兒音激活細胞免疫與體液免疫。mRNA疫苗在機體細胞内翻譯産生的蛋白質可火物模拟病毒感染,從而引起(qǐ)機體的體液免疫和細胞免疫。不同的R歌鐵NA序列可編碼不同的蛋白質,因而确定主要抗原蛋話不白是研發(fā)mRNA疫苗的核心環節。向(xiàng)mR房間NA分子中添加修飾過(guò)的核苷酸,可提拍我高翻譯效率和自身穩定性,延長(chá火子ng)半衰期。mRNA疫苗的接種路老(zhǒng)途徑可分爲肌肉注射、皮下注射、靜脈注射、鼻内噴霧等問河不同方式。mRNA疫苗進(jìn)入機體後(hòu)討現,編碼的蛋白質將(jiāng)被(bèi)翻譯并呈銀不遞給免疫系統。該過(guò)程類似于RNA病毒感染的自然過(guò)程及其連續白了誘導的保護性免疫應答。外源 mRNA 進(j通媽ìn)入細胞質後(hòu)會(huì)發(fā)生與内源性mRN媽為A相似的反應。mRNA在細胞質她店中被(bèi)翻譯成(chéng)蛋白質,蛋白質經(jīng)過(g那空uò)翻譯後(hòu)修飾,通過(gu作聽ò)靶向(xiàng)序列或跨膜結構域進(人坐jìn)入亞細胞間隔,比如分泌途徑、細胞膜、細胞核、線粒體或過(guò)氧化上土物酶體。體外轉錄後(hòu)再加帽、加尾是mRNA疫苗公長票認的生産方法。它類似于真核細胞胞漿中自然加工和成(ch舞南éng)熟的mRNA。當被(bè唱了i)接種(zhǒng)疫苗部位的細胞吸收後(hòu),mRNA被(bèi)運輸近短到細胞質;接著(zhe),通過(g白學uò)核糖體合成(chéng) mRNA 編碼的蛋白質,然後(h農要òu)進(jìn)行翻譯後(hòu)修飾,産生正确折疊的功能(nén子我g)蛋白質。mRNA 疫苗可以使其編碼的蛋白或肽瞬時(shí)表達錯還,并持續幾天或幾周,使得 mRNA 通鐵更容易被(bèi)控制。不同的接種(zhǒng)途徑對(duì)于mRNA接也畫觸的細胞類型和激發(fā)免疫應答的能(néng)力起(qǐ)著(zhe)重長藍要作用,相對(duì)于皮下注射,未經(jī公現ng)修飾的裸mRNA疫苗經(jī些討ng)淋巴結注射,其誘導T細胞免疫的效力可以大幅度增高。讨論mRNA廠市疫苗集衆多優點于一身,如安全性高、免疫原性購動強、可編譯性強、設計速度快、産量大、成(chéng)本低、易于儲存等用鐘,在新冠疫情防控中被(bèi)視作林場一種(zhǒng)革命性的疫苗技術。自新冠疫情暴發(fā)以來,英國(g煙師uó)緊急批準使用輝瑞和Bio服要NTech公司聯合研發(fā)的mRNA疫苗(BNT162b2)生不,從而成(chéng)爲首個批準緊急使業服用mRNA疫苗的國(guó)家;美國(guó)食品藥品監督管理局批準了針志離對(duì)新型冠狀病毒(SARS-CoV公鄉-2)的mRNA 疫苗,臨床試驗證明,mRNA 疫苗具有良好(hǎo)的安全來外性和有效性。除疫病防控外,mRNA疫苗正在被(bèi)越來越多地用于醫療暗長領域,如腫瘤、罕見疾病的治療等。mRNA是一個包含負電荷的大分子,它無法穿女業過(guò)由陰離子脂質構成(chéng)的細胞膜,而且在體内,它會(hu事雪ì)被(bèi)先天免疫系統的細胞吞噬,或放老者被(bèi)核酸酶降解,因此需要創新遞送載體。在保證安全性的前提又大下,爲將(jiāng)mRNA疫苗更好(土報hǎo)地應用于臨床,聚焦于進(去飛jìn)一步增強mRNA疫苗穩定性,适當降低m裡飛RNA疫苗過(guò)高的免疫原性,優化和完善其遞送系統森黑。随著(zhe)mRNA技術和LNP遞送技妹樹術的不斷完善,這(zhè)一新型疫苗技術將(jiāng)有助于解決傳統訊場小分子和抗體療法無法解決的問題,爲癌症、罕見疾病、神經(jīn作雪g)系統疾病等疾病提供更有效、更持久的治療技也書術選擇。相信mRNA疫苗技術將個子(jiāng)會(huì)具有更廣泛的适用空間,成(chéng)爲人吃睡類對(duì)抗衆多疾病的有力武器。
2022-09-21
陝西省延長(cháng)縣豬炭疽病疫情緊急流行病學(xué)調查
2022年2月,陝西省延長(cháng)縣一養殖戶飼養的21隻子拿豬先後(hòu)發(fā)生不明原因死亡得謝,經(jīng)陝西省動物疫病預防控制中心及市縣實驗民去室聯合診斷,證實此次疫情是由炭疽杆菌引起(數著qǐ)的豬炭疽病。爲查明病菌來源,摸清感染路徑,按劇兒照重大動物疫病流行病學(xué)調查相關流程,省、市、縣相關部門組建專頻街項工作組赴現場開(kāi)展流行病學(xué)調查,分析疫情來在遠源和傳播途徑,估測疫情擴散風險,指導開(kāi)展疫情處置工作。綜窗醫合流行病學(xué)特征及臨床症狀、實驗室鏡檢結果,推測本次照舊疫情很可能(néng)是曆史疫源地炭疽杆菌意外暴露,通過(guò)人媽舊員、草料、交通工具傳播引起(qǐ)的。本次疫情警示,對是通(duì)于曆史疫源地要控制土壤的随意開(kāi)挖,做好(hǎo)快民範圍内養殖場的生物安全管理,加強包括豬、牛、羊在内所有炭疽易感家畜的炭老外疽防控。Emergency Epidemiological Inve下拿stigation on the Outbreak of Swin著費e Anthrax in Yanchang 藍厭County of Shaanxi P兵拿rovinceIn February 2022,21 pigs理志 successively died of unknown causes窗員 in a household in Yanch藍兒ang Country of Shaanxi Provi街筆nce,which was confirmed to be an o還白utbreak of anthrax as joint diagno看資sed by Shaanxi Center 暗都for Animal Disease Preve低懂ntion and Control together wi暗弟th laboratories at city是你/county level. In order to 可裡find out the sourc兒工es of the pathogen a城家nd identify all infection能愛 routes,a special working 現麗team was organized by releva兵體nt authorities at the provincial,mu民北nicipal and county電北 levels according to relevant p通火rocedures of epidem為吃iological investigat紙我ion on major animal dise章紙ases to analyze any poss靜船ible sources and rou媽計tes,evaluate the risk o但門f spreading,and guide the disposal o城街f the outbreak. It was照鐘 speculated that,based on the男對 epidemiological characteri視喝stics,clinical symptoms and l男綠aboratory microsc知技opic examination results,the outb校請reak was likely to be caused by a月要ccidental exposure of anthr醫水ax bacteria in the histo劇筆rical infected zones t工兵hen spreading via personne服書l,forage and ve到校hicles. It was therefore recommended 靜林that random excavation of弟花 soil should be contro服要lled in the historical i影男nfected zones w快話here biosafety ma又動nagement should be well don購船e in all farms,and the anthrax p線店revention and control of all suscept小裡ible livestock including pigs,catt業火le and sheep should 知煙be strengthened.信息來源:https:對輛//kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.as樹線px?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJF下樹DAUTODAY&filename=Z白民GDW202208006&uniplatform=NZ聽行KPT&v=vPzqR5W2eDC_jiz市會wrjxxXeQIn07jIq12ZB49DrTMPH慢銀AzvXC_dKGHX50ckdIYI8V相錢N
2022-08-24
陝西省榆林市豬僞狂犬病流行病學(xué)調查與淨化示範
爲系統評估榆林市豬僞狂犬病(PR)防門街控成(chéng)效,2014—2015年采用問卷調新長查與采樣(yàng)檢測相結合的方法,對(du門購ì)榆林市豬僞狂犬病病毒(PRV)疫習關苗免疫及感染情況進(jìn)行了調查。結果顯示:榆林市散養戶章林基本不進(jìn)行PRV疫苗免疫,PRV-gE抗體陽性率門物高達47.50%;規模豬場中免疫場占比僅爲43少錯.94%,PRV-gE抗體陽性率爲15.40%;秒個用PRV gE基因缺失疫苗免疫過(guò)的豬群中依然能(néng)檢測到PR化們V-gE抗體,gE抗體陽性率爲現就8.46%,且仔豬和育肥豬群中gE抗新歌體陽性率較高,分别爲34.36%和20.95%。結果表明體會,2014—2015年榆林市的PRV疫苗免疫效果較差,野毒感染紅服較爲嚴重。爲探索科學(xué)的PR淨化方案,201要光6—2020年選取能(néng)真實反映榆林市平均影一流行水平的某縣進(jìn)行PR淨化示範建設,通過(guò)臨床調查、實驗室懂年檢測,劃分場群類型,分類實施不同淨化和免疫方案,取得了較好見計(hǎo)的淨化效果。至2020年,規術雪模場PRV-gE抗體陽性全部降爲0,平均免疫抗體(gB抗體)陽性率和作達到90%;散養戶PRV-gE平均抗體陽性降爲3.20%,gB抗體陽性率年能達到75.00%;産死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔數與淨化前相比下跳她降90%以上。結果表明,該縣的PR淨子志化示範工作取得了成(chéng)功,淨化經(jīng)驗可向(xiàng)全市員公推廣,以最終實現全市PR淨化目标。Epidemiological Inv村服estigation and Purificati大物on Demonstration o愛森f Porcine Pseudorabies in Yulin長東 City,Shaanxi Pr內路ovinceIn order to systematically evalu窗讀ate the effectiveness of preve哥林ntion and control of porcine pse風微udorabies(PR)in Yulin C到東ity,from 2014 to 2015,the 微員vaccination and i唱國nfection of PR in the city were 話好investigated by a questionnaire in co關錢mbination with sampling detection. The來喝 results showed that no vaccin西山ation against porcine pseudora那放bies virus(PRV)was implemented by些員 free-range househo時討lds in general,and t行影he positive rate of PRV-gE a又作ntibody was 47.50%;for i火黑ntensive farms,those w路銀ith vaccination a生關ccounted for 43.94%,and the positi長訊ve rate of PRV-gE antibod機笑y was 15.40%;PRV-gE antibody could 站裡still be detected in pigs vaccinated湖如 with PRV gE ge話站ne deletion vaccines,with a positive ra刀了te of 8.46%,and the positi年慢ve rates of PRV-gE antibody we是見re higher in piglets and 輛大fattening pigs,他技up to 34.36% and 20.9秒音5% respectively.廠音 In conclusion,the immunization produc歌間ed by PRV vaccine熱又 was poor in the period in t見身he city,and infection with fie術吧ld viruses was serious. In orde他金r to develop a scientific PR舊答 purification plan,f學花rom 2016 to 2020,a county w爸議here the average preva高關lence level of the city could be trul老相y reflected was selec白海ted to study the construction of PR pu長用rification demonstration. The farm tu事紙pes were classified throu月家gh clinical investigat分下ion and laboratory test,and different 事做purification an和的d immunization progr放歌ams were implemented,whic票高h achieved good purification房看 effects. By 2020,the p姐站ositive rate of PRV樹市-gE antibody was red畫舞uced to 0 in all intensive f開通arms where the average positive rate風雜 of immune anti相謝body(gB antibody)reached 90%;the aver時頻age positive rate of PRV gE antibo東懂dy decreased to 3.20% i照訊n free-range households where the posit媽看ive rate of gB antibod師慢y was up to 75.00%;and th又錢e number of stillbirths,mummif用內ied or weak fetuses decreased by abo計金ve 90% compared to that prior to 那用purification. It was conclude視子d that the demonstration of PR p師舞urification was successful in 就農the county,from whi亮高ch its experience mi動外ght be popularized 外雪to other regions to reach the 下為final goal of PR purification acr票黃oss the city.信息來源:https://kns.c器員nki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?知家dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTODAY&fil作時ename=ZGDW202208005&uniplatform=N很化ZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2eDA文信0GZm-qK1jv0J9ykMFCRjz__u畫黑lS66gc19y60HHsju務媽PyYH-QTBZD81c
2022-08-24
2020年我國(guó)部分地區豬繁殖與呼相件吸綜合征分子流行病學(xué)調查
爲了解我國(guó)豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征病毒(porci業土ne reproductive and respiratory synd都大rome virus,PRRSV)的流行及遺著船傳變異情況,2020年對(duì)來但了自7個省的570份疑似PRRSV感染樣(yàng)品進(jìn)行R森林T-PCR檢測,并對(duì)60個PRRSV陽性內音樣(yàng)品進(jìn)行ORF5基因測序及分析比較著自。RT-PCR檢測結果顯示,2020年送檢樣(yàng)品中,PRRSV陽性檢物民出率爲23.68%(135/570),其中保育豬病料的陽家鄉性檢出率最高,爲32.24%(108自知/335)。同源性對(duì)比及遺傳進(jìn)化分析結果顯示,60明上個PRRSV均爲PRRSV2(美洲株),主討電要屬于譜系1和譜系8,占比分别爲5道的1.67%和43.33%。氨基酸分析結果顯示,60個PRRSV的GP5房相蛋白氨基酸以點突變爲主,其中10個PRRS務風V的GP5蛋白氨基酸出現缺失突變,且跳短非中和表位、中和表位、潛在毒力位點及N-糖基化位點均發(fā)生不同程度的變異相答。結果表明,保育豬群爲PRRSV高發近空(fā)病群體,譜系1 PRRSV或已成(ché拿答ng)爲國(guó)内流行優勢毒株,且PRRSV不斷發(fā)生變異睡行,這(zhè)或許會(huì)影響現有疫苗的免疫保護效果。因此,訊志針對(duì)PRRS需要綜合防控,除選用安全有效的PRRSV弱毒活疫苗進司森(jìn)行免疫外,加強豬場生物安全及們雨飼養管理也極其重要。Molecular Epidemiologi書了cal Investigation on 海物PRRS in 2020 in Some Regions of Chi喝愛naIn order to investigate the pr少少evalence and molecular g行分enetic variation o黃東f porcine reproductive and respira電風tory syndrome virus(PRRSV)in some regi睡麗ons of China in 2020,570 suspect有件ed PRRSV infected s時從amples collected from 7 p唱公rovinces were detected by RT-PCR,她店and the ORF5 gene of 60地道 PRRSV positive samples 了還were sequenced and analyzed. The resu這車lts showed that,by RT-PCR,the posi數爸tive rate of PRRSV w喝科as 23.68%(135/570),and highe區金st in nursing pigs,whi很子ch was 32.24%(1綠金08/335). It was shown that,by姐少 the results of 討器homology comparison and geneti劇弟c evolution analysis,all the 60 PRRSV 費飛were PRRSV2(American strains)and mainly山聽 belonged to lin紙微eages 1 and 8,accounting for 5答購1.67% and 43.33%,respectively. 窗科It was shown that,by t電妹he results of amin朋裡o acid analysis,point mutations were算術 dominant in the GP5 飛船protein amino acid of al短國l the 60 PRRSV,deletion mut謝黃ations were obser跳吃ved in 10 PRRSV thereof,and variati裡鐘ons were observed in non我計-neutralizing epitopes,neutralizi商就ng epitopes,potential virulence site道很s and N-glycosylation sites to dif關器ferent extent. In conclusion,nursing 呢謝pigs were highly susce又木ptible to PRRSV. Lineages 紅冷1 PRRSV might have beco家相me a dominant strain in Chi影很na,and the immun林就e protection effect of current v木體accines might be affected b光校y constantly variation of the virus. 月村Therefore,in addition to vaccina師從tion with safe and e空章ffective attenuated liv藍話e vaccines,biosafety and fe房些eding management on farms水都 had also played an import自理ant role in prevention and 問土control of PRRSV.信息來源:https://kns.cnk風樹i.net/kcms/detail在玩/detail.aspx?dbcod熱花e=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTODAY&filename=ZGDW人子202208004&uniplatform=NZKPT&v關事=vPzqR5W2eDDVSt9xTwFQ1fbt01ZqKP也章fZQuJbak8V5-EVnc4A新們m-uU0kSpoHpAbjR林黑k
2022-08-24
福建省部分養殖場雞圓圈病毒3型病原檢測朋紙及VP2基因分析
爲了解福建省雞場圓圈病毒3型(GyV3)的流行及其VP2基因日對變異情況,2021年在南平市、龍岩市和福州市的36個雞場,采集服麗365份疑似GyV3感染病雞的腺胃樣(yàng)品,通過(用美guò)PCR進(jìn)行GyV3核酸檢測。結果顯示:共檢出GyV3些謝核酸陽性55份,陽性檢出率爲15.06%。對(duì)5份GyV3陽性樣(yà美人ng)品進(jìn)行VP2基因序列分動亮析發(fā)現,5份樣(yàng)品的VP2基因核苷酸哥電和推導氨基酸序列相似性分别爲98.6%~99.9%和9書站8.3%~100%,與參考株山東肉雞分離株SDAU-1和巴西家雞分地我離株核苷酸和推導氨基酸序列的相似性分别爲98.3%~99.2金兒%和97.5%~99.2%,均屬于機生Group A分支中的GyV3小分支。結果表明:福建省雞場存在GyV3流行;其市做VP2基因遺傳序列穩定,可作爲GyV3城兵感染流行病學(xué)監測的首選基因。本研究爲GyV3的後(hòu)站中續研究提供了理論依據。Etiological Detec樹爸tion of GyV3 in Some Fa鐘資rms of Fujian Province 外如and Analysis on Its VP2 GeneIn廠文 order to investigate the prevalence音長 and VP2 gene variation of gyrovir得錯us 3(GyV3)in chicken f報你arms in Fujian Province in 2021,化拿365 suspected samples of glandular 子行stomach infected with GyV爸答3 were collected from 36 farm黃花s in Nanping,Longyan and Fuzhou cit不作ies to detect GyV區懂3 nucleic acid by PC聽什R. The results showed tha呢河t 55 positive sam遠物ples were detected,with a positive rat去著e of 15.06%. It 能員was found that,by sequence an短看alysis of VP2 gene in 5 GyV妹作3 positive samples,their homology of答通 nucleotide and deduced ami子問no acid sequence of VP2 gene志雪 were from 98.6%技年 to 99.9% and 98雨會.3% to 100%,respe土務ctively,from 98.3% to 99.2% and 97會吃.5% to 99.2% with those of the referen能裡ce Shandong broiler strain SDAU-1 an媽物d Brazil domestic chicken stra外音in,respectively,all of w樂刀hich belonged to the small branch of生生 GyV3 in group A.船女 In conclusion,GyV3 was pre離紙valent in the fa得和rms across the province,and s吧什table genetic sequence w內亮as observed in its VP2 g很兒ene,which could 錯票be used as the first choice for 舊呢epidemiological錯購 surveillance o見遠ver GyV3 infection. A theoret下很ical basis was thereby 暗是provided for future researches on 通影GyV3.信息來源:https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/d弟冷etail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbnam微林e=CJFDAUTODAY&filename=ZGDW202208003習高&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2愛東eDACMu4nN2FrbQUN關農CucSQCAXG47vSQCRm6GDYHaWc6NGTJAAmXG6Wq上體6u
2022-08-24
2020—2021年我國(guó)部分省份禽呼腸孤病毒分子流行外鐘病學(xué)調查
近年來,禽呼腸孤病毒(ARV)在我國(guó)白羽肉雞群中的感資關染率呈上升趨勢,流行範圍較廣,給我國(guó)肉雞養殖企業帶來站腦了較大經(jīng)濟損失。ARV易變異空拍重組,因此全面(miàn)了解其分子流行病學(xué)特征具有十謝志分重要的意義。爲了解我國(guó)白羽肉雞群中ARV的遺傳變異特點,20低什20—2021年從山東、河北、福建、安徽、遼甯、江蘇等6個省份收集疑似ARV雪火感染樣(yàng)品,采用RT-PCR方法篩選陽性樣(yàng)本,然後(hò內見u)對(duì)陽性樣(yàng)本進(拿拍jìn)行σC基因(1 088 bp)測序山空,根據測序結果分析ARV不同基因風放型分布規律及占比。結果顯示:2020—2021年,從科短6個省份中,經(jīng)RT-PCR檢測,檢出謝舞ARV陽性樣(yàng)品157份,總陽性檢出率爲62.1%,不同省鄉要份的陽性檢出率爲44.4%~77.3%。15視商7份陽性樣(yàng)品可分爲6個基因型,其中基因事了1型61份(38.85%)、基因2型41份(26.章秒11%)、基因3型15份(9.56%)、基因4型9份(5.73%),基因5型著體30份(19.11%),基因6型1份(0.64%);61份基因1型樣(yàng跳輛)品中,38份與标準ARV疫苗株(S1133)屬于同一亞去妹分支,另外23份與4599參考株處于單獨的另什技一亞分支。結果表明:我國(guó)肉雞群中存在一定程度的ARV流行;流行訊風的ARV基因型較爲複雜,且存在基因1型變異毒株,當前的疫苗株為麗已不能(néng)對(duì)其提供足夠那火的保護。結果提示,今後(hòu)需要業廠進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展ARV感染監測,評估其流行件銀及變異情況,調整免疫策略,加快新疫苗等防疫技飛業術及産品研發(fā)。本研究初步了解了我國(guó)部分省份的ARV分子懂水流行病學(xué)特征,對(duì醫海)我國(guó)ARV感染的防控具有重要意義,也爲變異株腦睡新型疫苗研發(fā)提供了依據。Molecu放光lar Epidemiological Investigatio你對n on Avian Reovirus in Som票些e Provinces of China from 202個員0 to 2021In rec線裡ent years,avian reovirus(ARV)has be歌答en increasingly and wid錢劇ely prevalent in white fe微來ather broilers in China,女們bringing great economic公鐘 losses to broil友工er breeding enterpris村間es in China. As ARV is prone to mutati區間on and recombinati站習on,it would be of great significance t會中o comprehensivel動近y investigate its molecular epide土書miological characteristics. In orde新著r to investigate the genetic var動林iation characterist水自ics of ARV in white fe用件ather broilers in 慢家China from 2020 to 202公體1,253 suspected ARV infected samples 到師were collected from 下事Shandong,Hebei,Fujian,Anh木理ui,Liaoning and Jiangsu provi樹來nces to detect positive samples by R快木T-PCR,followed by σC gene(1 088 線窗bp)sequencing,against which,the d綠章istribution and pr光員oportion of different ARV genot分草ypes were analyzed. The resu公訊lts showed that 157 pos河站itive samples were dete動身cted by RT-PCR,with a total positive de來不tection rate of 62.1%,and that i鐵是n each province was from 44.4% to 77.3%老暗. All the 157 positive sa頻民mples were divided 能說into 6 genotypes,including 61 gen了西otype 1(38.85%),41 g工議enotype 2(26.11%),15 離人genotype 3(9.56%),9 geno都很type 4(5.73%),30 genotype鄉來 5(19.11%),and 1 genotype 6(美海0.64%);38 out of 6畫可1 genotype 1 samples belonged to the sa鐘為me sub-branch as the standard ARV一學 vaccine strain(S我生1133),and the other 23 fel山她l into a separate sub-branch with 45可要99 reference strain. In conclusion,A銀章RV was prevalent in b話子roilers in China to certain 她頻extent;the prevalent ARV genot裡上ypes were complex,and th地大ere were genotype 1 variant strai志光ns,so sufficient protection coul個輛d not be provided by current vaccine st明靜rains anymore,which indicated that sur行數veillance for AR唱女V infection should be fur理藍ther strengthened,its prev技人alence and variation should be e弟坐valuated,immunization strateg熱很ies should be adjusted,and research雨亮 and development of disease preven畫師tion technologies and prod火事ucts such as new vaccines sh醫兒ould be accelerated. The abov低可e study on the molecular 跳美epidemiological characteristics 民事of ARV in some provinces of China suppo小坐rted the prevention and control of城小 ARV infection in China,and在行 provided a basis for the researc影師h and development of novel vaccines厭日 against any vari行你ant strains.原文鏈接:https://kns.cnki.net/k離文cms/detail/detail地器.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTOD店風AY&filename=ZGDW202208002&uniplatf問離orm=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2eDCKEu刀大OpxiM-wmxdYfXcu3OP23QUUD多刀r9_kAdYcR0KBOQB90icqbypN2o
2022-08-17
2021年安徽省屠宰及流通環節禽群主要呼吸道(dào)病毒感染情況調雪兵查
爲了解安徽省禽群呼吸道(dào)病毒感個自染情況,2021年3—11月從12個縣(市、區)17國紅個家禽屠宰點和1個農貿市場收集472份喉是影頭氣管組織樣(yàng)本,運用很吃熒光定量RT-PCR方法,對(du得司ì)誘發(fā)家禽呼吸道(dào)疾病的主要病毒性病原進子在(jìn)行檢測。結果顯示:除未檢出高緻病性禽流話房感病毒(AIV-H5、AIV-H7)核酸陽性外,新城疫病毒聽現(NDV)、禽傳染性支氣管炎病毒(IBV)、禽傳染性農說喉氣管炎病毒(ILTV)、禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)均有核門信酸陽性被(bèi)檢出,平均陽性率分别爲9.96%、27.54%服可、1.06%、5.51%;NDV、IBV、aMPV的春季陽性率錯雨高于其他季節,夏季檢出病原種(zhǒng)類最多;他又皖南、皖中和皖北區域均有NDV陽樂但性被(bèi)檢出,皖南區域的IBV陽性率最高,皖南日行、皖中區域均檢出aMPV陽性,而ILTV陽性僅在皖北區域被(bèi)檢出;雞群外唱中的NDV、IBV、ILTV、aMPV陽性率高于鴨群。病毒吧北感染以單一感染爲主,占比爲86.89%;單一感染中,IBV單一感關微染占比最高,爲66.67%;混合感染中,IBV+NDV和IBV+aM樂木PV雙重感染占比較高,分别爲45.83%和50.00%,僅檢出1份三愛她重感染樣(yàng)本(NDV+IBV+aMPV)會房。結果表明:安徽省家禽禽流感防控效果較好(hǎo),但存在不同程度的NDV、生船IBV、ILTV、aMPV流行,其中IBV最爲農北嚴重,且這(zhè)些病原存在一定的季節要花和區域流行特征。因此,安徽省不同區域應根據不同病原流行特點,采取各有側重的防控說用策略,完善疫病監測機制,在重點區域和高發(fā)季節加強疫病防控。Inve一低stigation on the男謝 Infection with Major Re窗嗎spiratory Viruses in做鐘 Poultry during Slaught動睡ering and Circulation in Anhu看他i Province in 2021In order to iden間到tify the infecti們制on with respiratory v金飛iruses in poultry in Anhui Province,fro師對m March to November 2湖拍021,472 samples of弟女 laryngeal and trachea tissues還民 were collected f中購rom 17 poultry slaught河生erhouses and 1 farmers' market in北空 12 counties(cities/districts)t看美o detect major pathogens 行近leading to respirato短科ry diseases by fluorescence quantit風短ative RT-PCR. The result如輛s showed that,except of highly p唱通athogenic avian influenza vir小報us(AIV-H5 and AIV-H7),Newcastle dise筆電ase virus(NDV),infectious bronchit技靜is virus(IBV),infe哥工ctious laryngotracheitis virus(書家ILTV)and avian metap說喝ulmonary virus(aMPV)nu動綠cleic acids were all detected,with 船鐘average positive rate of 9.96%,27.5歌廠4%,1.06% and 5.51%,respectively喝劇. The positive rate 了哥of NDV,IBV and aM司購PV in spring were higher than 歌金that in other seasons,and most 空男pathogens speci雨紙es were detected in summer. NDV pos行農itive was detected 雪月from southern Anhui,central Anhui a山員nd northern Anhui,the positive ra公玩te of IBV was highest in southern Anhu鐘新i,aMPV was detected from southern Anh音城ui and central 答鄉Anhui,while ILTV only from northern Anh裡資ui;the positive rates of NDV,IBV,ILTV離慢 and aMPV in chic近舞kens were higher服多 than those in ducks. Single infection 做科was prominent,accounting fo民離r 86.89%,most of which was I森笑BV infection,accounting for 66.6市媽7%;most mixed infection was技還 the dual infection with I海南BV+NDV or IBV+aMPV,accountin暗些g for 45.83% and 50.00%,respectively都藍,and only 1 sample with t文樂riple infection(NDV+IBV+aMPV花海)was detected. In conclusion,avian i家北nfluenza(AI)in poultry wa不鐘s well prevented and controll去科ed in Anhui Province,al你民though NDV,IBV,鐵現ILTV and aMPV were prevalen森刀t to different extent,especially I劇到BV,all of which were with certain木分 characteristics of seasonal an也厭d regional prev長問alence. Therefore,the prevention and co爸技ntrol strategies with diff都技erent emphasis should be appl章花ied in different regions accordin但數g to the prevalence characteristics 校美of pathogens,so as to improve t兒亮he monitoring mechanism,車懂and strengthen the prevention an工遠d control of diseases in key regions雨信 and seasons with h哥放igh incidence.原文鏈接:https://kns.cnki.媽事net/kcms/detail/detail.a師內spx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTODAY&裡票filename=ZGDW202208001&unipl從數atform=NZKPT&v=vPzq紙紅R5W2eDCOtBWCUVzo_HSusxkB8gEKv得她b0dp2-P1Uc2c5jG2wJuv7兵司lwgIvtbSeN
2022-08-17
甯夏彭陽縣肉牛布魯氏菌病風險因素病例森討對(duì)照研究
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2022-07-28
廈門市寵物犬貓中布魯氏菌、弓形蟲、A型流感病毒及巴爾通體的流行病學木森(xué)調查
爲初步了解廈門市寵物犬貓中布魯氏菌、弓形蟲、A型流感病毒及巴爾通體的流行情動時況,采用熒光PCR、ELISA及血凝抑制等檢測方法,對(duì)2021年從廈明兒門市32家動物診療機構中采集的3動文04份寵物犬貓血清及對(duì)應讀子的全血樣(yàng)品進(jìn)行抗體及核酸檢測。結果民黑顯示:寵物犬貓中,布魯氏菌(光滑型及粗糙型)表觀體鄉流行率爲2.0%,真實流行率爲0.5%(95%CI:0~1.3%);弓形得房蟲表觀流行率爲3.3%,真實流行率爲0.8%(95%C聽刀I:0~1.8%);A型流感病毒表觀流行兵章率爲8.6%,真實流行率爲7.7%(95%物吧CI:4.7%~10.7%),檢出H9亞型抗體陽性樣(yàng)中妹品19份(抗體滴度爲4log2~聽校6log2),未檢出H5亞型及H7亞型抗體陽性樣了少(yàng)品(抗體滴度<1log2)。未檢出布魯氏西用菌、弓形蟲、巴爾通體及A型流感病內服毒核酸陽性樣(yàng)品。結果表低歌明,廈門市寵物犬貓中存在一定的A型低緻病性流感病毒傳播物鐵風險,其他病原流行風險較低,但這(zhè)些病原均具有感劇民染人和其他動物的潛在風險,需要繼續加強監測,做好(h山麗ǎo)個人防護。本研究爲本地犬貓人獸共患病防治提供了喝嗎依據。Epidemiological Investigation 哥科on Brucella,Toxoplasm區費a gondii,Influenza Virus A 能西and Bartonella in Pet Dogs a做化nd Cats in Xiamen CityIn order to p山匠rimarily identify the prevalence頻費 of Brucella,Toxo醫遠plasma Gondii(T. gondi工做i),influenza virus A and Bartone厭如lla in pet dogs藍得 and cats in Xiamen City,304 s到短erum samples and corresponding whole紅器 blood samples collected fr高著om 32 animal clinics in the city in 202快如1 were detected by fluoresce唱西nce PCR,ELISA and HI. The res花務ults showed that the apparent preval喝草ence rates of Brucella(both smoot師空h and rough),T. gondii and內作 influenza virus A were 2.0%,3理玩.3% and 8.6%,respectively呢低,and their true prevale大有nce rates were 0.5%(95%CI:0-1.3%),0.報見8%(95%CI:0-1.8%)and 線靜7.7%(95%CI:4.7%-10.7%)respectivel用妹y. 19 H9 subtype positive sample紅對s were detected(antibody titer fro銀頻m 4log2 to 6log2),a雪懂nd neither H5 nor H7 subtypes was dete低美cted (antibody titer山我<1log2). No nucleic acids地西 of Brucella,T. gondii,Bartonella 冷音and influenza virus A were d現志etected. In conclu話和sion,certain risk of a low pa開美thogenic influenza vir愛問us A was availabl國好e in dogs and cats 短朋in Xiamen City,and that of other pa舞司thogens were lo熱鐘w. All of these pathogens pos靜冷ed a potential risk to pe高數rsons and other animals,w北慢hich should be further mo訊民nitored with good protection of pe姐熱rsons. This study provides a bas來嗎is for the further prev科的ention and control of也舊 canine feline zoonoses in 文志Xiamen City .原文鏈接:https://kns.cnki廠術.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode秒服=CJFD&dbname=CJ綠長FDAUTO&filename=ZG也多DW202207007&uniplat刀資form=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2eDCE-zk0jrbn計來YzA0KT7A5i964N4l0Log身謝K--oPtyMbqGvvdw醫靜hL5tY5p2_
2022-07-28
新疆北疆部分地區鼠類伯氏疏螺旋體攜帶情況調查
爲了解新疆北疆地區鼠類伯氏疏螺旋體攜討那帶情況及其基因型分布特征,2021年1—9月在新疆昌吉州吉木薩爾縣、伊犁哈薩村媽克自治州新源縣、塔城地區烏蘇市巴音溝,采集1就子47隻野生鼠類的腎髒和膀胱組織樣(yà樂金ng)本,采用實時(shí)熒光定量PCR和巢式PCR方法,檢測個友鼠類中的伯氏疏螺旋體攜帶情況;以伯氏疏螺旋體5媽女S—23S基因間隔區進(jìn)行巢式 PCR檢測,對(duì)醫花檢出的陽性樣(yàng)本進(jìn)行基因測序及序列分析,确定伯氏疏螺輛年旋體基因型,構建系統發(fā)微低育樹。結果顯示:在147份鼠類樣(yàng)本中,經(jīng)實時(s海房hí)熒光定量PCR和巢式PCR方法檢測,分别檢出伯氏疏螺旋體陽中房性樣(yàng)本11份和13東我份,陽性率分别爲7.48%和8.84%;13份巢式PCR陽鄉習性樣(yàng)本中,吉木薩爾縣檢出1份,新答玩源縣檢出1份,烏蘇市檢出11份美員,通過(guò)序列同源性分析确定Borreliella garinii、B妹老orreliella bavar技樂iensis爲主要緻病基因型。結果表明章輛,北疆地區鼠類中存在伯氏疏螺旋體的討喝自然感染,有傳播給家畜及人群的答街風險,應加強該病原體檢測和萊姆病防控。Investigatio錢的n on Borrelia burgd那輛orferi in Rodents in Some Areas in 畫窗Northern XinjiangIn order to identif工數y the prevalence and去下 genotype distribution of 都鐘Borrelia burgdorferi in 雜河rodents in Northern Xi工章njiang,from January 民不to September 2021,the從輛 kidney and bladder tissue 嗎討samples were collected from 1看呢47 wild rodents in Jimus費中ar County of Changji Prefect議放ure,Xinyuan County of Ili Kazak現刀 Autonomous Prefectur不金e,Wusu City(Bayingou) o舊女f Tacheng Prefecture to detect B件兒orrelia burgdorferi by real time fluo少金rescent quantitative PCR and nested不吧 PCR;the positive samples det輛歌ected by nested PCR with市我 the Borrelia b街高urgdorferi 5S-23S gene spacer reg這制ion were subject to gene sequencing and多廠 polygenetic tree analysis to determi可麗ne the genotype of 報路Borrelia burgdorferi..船聽 The results show哥弟ed that 11 and 13 positive姐舞 samples were respectively detected冷都 by real-time PC車理R and nested PC討懂R,with the positive rates of 7.下她48% and 8.84%,respectively;for 13 po老冷sitive samples by nested 湖對PCR,one was detected each from Jimsa做關r and Xinyuan,and舊吧 11 from Wusu. Borreliell通開a garinii and Borreliella b微理avariensis were identifi麗做ed as the main pathogenic ge答內notypes by sequence唱得 homology analysis. In c地司onclusion,natural infection with秒還 Borrelia burgdorferi農術 was available in rodents,which 計章posed a risk to老姐 livestock and persons,ind好唱icating that the pathogen of the dis空匠ease should be monitored and Lyme dise慢中ase should be strictly聽街 controlled.原文鏈接:https體技://kns.cnki.net/k西購cms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbn男影ame=CJFDAUTO&filename=ZGDW生銀202207006&uniplatfor笑房m=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2eDCR高冷JjwGHPGlsbVJG413UF2kJhjX54O術筆YyJs2EoqrLHgD6Ep99sBb99月雪Cf
2022-07-28
一起(qǐ)肉牛黃曲黴等毒素中毒事(shì)件習頻的緊急流行病學(xué)調查
2021年10月25日,四川省宣漢縣某肉牛場區物發(fā)生肉牛猝死事(shì)件車訊。爲了解事(shì)件狀況和發(fā)生原因,并盡可能(nén藍女g)采取措施減少養殖場的經(jīng)濟損失月有,赴現場開(kāi)展了流行病學(xué)調查。調查發(子什fā)現,該牛場3天内共死亡22頭牛,累積死亡率爲46.8%(22/4劇熱7)。綜合流行病學(xué)調查信息、病牛臨床症狀、剖檢變化,初步推測街河肉牛猝死的原因是飼喂黴變飼料導緻黃曲黴等毒素中毒。通歌車過(guò)暫停飼喂原飼料,增加飲水量,更換飼草飼料并添加蒙脫石場線脫黴劑,肉牛發(fā)病情況得到有效控制。該起(qǐ)離但肉牛猝死事(shì)件提示,養殖場人員應加強飼養管紅著理和疫病防控知識的學(xué)習,增強責任心,提高飼養管理能(nén行場g)力。An Emergency Epidemiological Inve醫問stigation on a Poisoning Event 劇小with Aflatoxin and小文 Other Toxins in Beef CattleOn Octob放章er 25,2021,some beef cattle sudden畫會ly died in a farm in Xuanhan County,Si上工chuan Province. In order to in兒就vestigate the event an人暗d find out all the causes leading to t也子he death,and to take measure店市s to reduce econ光讀omic loss of the farm as 船拿far as possible,an 新鐘epidemiological investigatio水樂n was carried out on the farm. I放議t was investigated紅弟 that a total of 22 秒術cattle died within th煙是ree days,with a cumula來湖tive mortality rate o畫腦f 46.8%(22/47). It 裡術was preliminarily speculated that,bas飛這ed on the informatio時公n of movement,clini還相cal symptoms and changes under au在拿topsy,the cattle來老 died of aflatoxin poisoning due to 分去feeding with moldy視是 feed. The dise公快ase was effectively control友水led after stopping feeding the pre答能vious feed,increasing the am市還ount of drinking wate歌做r,changing forag村時e and adding mont坐還morillonite. It wa妹雜s suggested that the farm staff shou外做ld learn the knowl商刀edge about breed鐘下ing management and disease prevention a的志nd control,strengthen thei紅文r sense of responsibility 去都and improve their ability for fee小花ding and management.原文鏈接:https://高費kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/deta哥道il.aspx?dbcode=C著是JFD&dbname=CJFDAUTO&filename=地問ZGDW202207005&uniplatform=NZ姐對KPT&v=vPzqR5W2eDD1sLpdE姐們Z2oUCW1MIb5Q4Fccvo3-S6QIJ5B6h腦數BPbp1-9kyFb4c9Wgs_
2022-07-27
新疆南疆地區部分集約化肉牛繁育場主要臨床病症和生物安全調查
近年來,新疆南疆地區開(kāi)始引進(jìn)國(guó)外安格斯肉牛養殖。開校爲了解該地區集約化安格斯肉牛繁育場金了的主要疫病流行現狀和存在的生物安全問題,采用現場調查、問卷調查和實驗室檢測森睡相結合的方式,對(duì)新疆喀什地區4個大中型又呢集約化安格斯肉牛繁育場進(jìn)行了慢來調查。結果顯示:4個牧場安格斯坐北肉牛表現的臨床症狀主要是腹瀉,其次是肺炎;導緻犢牛腹瀉的病毒性病原主要是森暗牛冠狀病毒(BCV)、牛諾如病毒(BNoV),陽性檢出率分别爲19.窗章93%、15.20%,導緻肺炎的主要是牛傳染性鼻氣銀光管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛腺病毒3型(BAV-3訊湖),陽性檢出率分别爲28.24%、14.12%。鄉慢4個牧場在防疫設施設備建設、消毒制度落實、人流物流管控、規章制度建設以及飼劇學養管理、鼠害蠅害防控和無害化處理等生物安全方面(miàn)均存在廠日不同程度的隐患。結果提示,南疆地區安格斯肉牛繁育場要加強BCV、BN技南oV、IBRV、BAV-3等病毒感染的防控,通過(guò)加強免疫,降低牛群訊路腹瀉和肺炎的發(fā)病率,通過(guò)嚴格業影生物安全控制,防止外部病原傳入。本調查爲南疆地區國(guó)外引進(jìn麗呢)安格斯肉牛的動物疫病防控提供了依據。Inve匠東stigation on Major Clinical Symptoms 行會and Biosafety in S計美ome Intensive Beef Cattle Farms in 冷舞Southern XinjiangIn recent yea北到rs,Angus beef cattle have been importe聽大d into Southern Xinjiang 司著for breeding. In order to ide用湖ntify the epidemic status o東光f major animal diseases and 照報current biosafety problems in i人藍ntensive farms in the中綠 region,four large and medium-s爸農ized intensive farms in Ka麗玩shi region were investigated by mean城又s of field interview,水些questionnaire investigation and熱懂 laboratory test. Th南我e results showed that the歌路 main clinical sym如算ptoms of the cattle included diarrhea,快開followed by pneumonia;the ma信學in viral pathogens causing calv時車es diarrhea were bovine玩體 coronavirus(BCV)and bovin不好e norovirus(BNoV),with positive de機行tection rates of 19.93% and 15微慢.20% respectively. Pneumonia 店近was mainly caused 器從by bovine infectious rh放我inotracheitis virus(IBRV)and bovine ade慢了novirus type 3(BAV慢不-3),with positive detection rat數光es of 28.24% and 14.12% respectively. 快兵Potential dangers to 他要different extent were found i光妹n the construction of disea舊又se prevention facilities門業 and equipment,implementation of d時和isinfection system,management and movem區喝ent control of person跳綠s and materials,development of r是河ules and regulations,feeding man他請agement,prevention and control of 也市rodents and flies as well機街 as biosafety disposal in the水輛 four farms. In conclusion,亮間BCV,BNoV,IBRV,BAV-3 and 動新other viruses shou開作ld be strictly controlled 時行in the farms,the inc件大idence rate of 計司diarrhea and pneumonia sh路不ould be reduced by streng懂女thening immunizat化那ion,and any external pathogens sh不對ould be avoided by strict b線制iological safety co腦店ntrol. A basis w都頻as thus provided for fut林湖ure prevention and control of ani微車mal diseases of Angus麗呢 beef cattle imported to t商坐he region.原文鏈接:https://要公kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/deta雜畫il.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&她業dbname=CJFDAUTO&filename=ZGDW202如匠207004&uniplatform=不要NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2eD中新Bafzb_SLZRVrOMLi場對zAG7aZVgeA0LwmQEDRc0ZoWVX7i6-l2wla1K這愛N5
2022-07-27
山東省部分規模化驢場主要病原感染情況調查
目前關于規模化驢場主要病原的流行數據極爲有限。爲了解山短也東省驢養殖密集區的主要病原流行鐵裡情況,2019—2021年,從聊城、德州、濱州等地的9個規模化驢場(繁業長育母驢100頭以上),無菌采集表現不同臨床老森症狀病死驢(駒)的心、肝、脾、肺、腸懂綠、腎等不同髒器病料共計742份,采用PCR與家厭病原分離方法進(jìn)行常見馬路討屬動物病原檢測;采集296份臨床健康驢血液樣(yàng)品,采用虎紅銀慢平闆凝集試驗進(jìn)行布魯氏菌感染抗體檢人票測。結果顯示:在腹瀉症狀樣(yàng)你員品中,大腸杆菌檢出率最高,爲48.89%(132/270);在肺炎症視商狀樣(yàng)品中,大腸杆菌檢出黃年率爲24.10%(80/332),肺炎克雷伯氏菌檢出率爲29.82%(99/3間用32),馬鏈球菌檢出率爲22.29書房%(74/332);在流産症狀樣(低票yàng)品中,沙門氏菌檢出率最高,爲44.29%(62/140);得員在臨床健康驢血液樣(yàng)品中,未檢出布冷身魯氏菌感染抗體。結果表明,導緻規模驢場發(fā)生腹瀉、肺炎和流産的主要新業是條件性緻病菌,其中導緻腹瀉的主要是大腸杆菌湖湖,肺炎的主要是大腸杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和馬鏈球菌,流産的主要花的是沙門氏菌。因此,規模化驢場應通過(匠間guò)加強飼養管理,提高養殖圈舍衛生水平,科學(xué)使用抗生素等措施,控腦舞制細菌性疫病流行。Invest制煙igation on Major 討坐Pathogens in La筆相rge-scale Donkey Farms in 畫我Shandong Province秒門As there had been very 的地limited data on the prevalence o吃行f major pathogens in 房白large-scale donkey farms,in order上廠 to identify the inf廠計ection status in t用山he intensive breedin公都g areas in Shandong Province,from 2019鄉聽 to 2021,a total of 742 分線samples of lesions including hearts,li飛自vers,spleens,lungs,intesti們小nes,kidneys and other o個個rgans of dead donkeys(foals)with d為綠ifferent clinica還現l symptoms were ase術答ptically collect風自ed from 9 farms(with above 1水藍00 female donkeys)in Liaocheng,Dezho得和u,Binzhou and other regions to 人見detect common equine pathogens書音 by PCR and pathogen isolation method;說作and 296 samples from clinical healthy d外電onkeys to detect the antibody aga的行inst Brucella by RBT. The results sho市動wed that,for the samples with diarrh一子ea symptoms,the detection rate光弟 of Escherichia coli was說坐 highest,which was 人南48.89%(132/270);for those看就 with pneumonia symptoms,t技生he detection rate些村s of Escherichia coli,Kle友器bsiella pneumoniae a相長nd Streptococcus討窗 equi were 24.10%(80/332),29.82%(99/開筆332)and 22.29%(74/332),respective做海ly;for those with abortion sympto志金ms,the detection rate of Salmonell物子a was highest,whi光答ch was 44.29%(62/140);and no林金 antibody against Br跳校ucella was detected in the blood sa個行mples of clinical healthy donkeys. In 區資conclusion,the diarrhea,pneum請亮onia and abortion occurred in the f水子arms were mainly 事個caused by conditional patho見科gens,specifically,diarrhea was mainl和靜y caused by Escherichia coli,whil說廠e pneumonia by Escherichia coli,Klebs她是iella pneumoniae and Strepto計金coccus equi,and abortion 分坐by Salmonella. Therefore,bacteria志讀l diseases should be prevented and費離 controlled through strengthening一科 feeding manageme暗但nt,improving th制日e health level of 做地pens,using anti事林biotics scientifically and o在你ther measures.原文鏈接:h制銀ttps://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/這喝detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAU上門TO&filename=ZGD視司W202207003&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W紅東2eDCGo3YX4kD_3sP厭來eFGe-h0sxMZl3we就睡1DIqMxO6suBsN6jr到玩i-rIBasOSC
2022-07-27
雲南省邊境地區牛阿卡斑病毒血清學(xué)調查
爲掌握雲南省邊境地區牛群中的阿卡斑病毒(Akabane virus,上拍AKAV)流行情況和分布特征,采用競争ELISA檢測學不方法,對(duì)2019—2020年采自雲南省冷購邊境地區10個縣市的牛群血清樣(yàng)品進(jì紙雜n)行AKAV抗體檢測與分析。結果顯示:在采集的4 437份牛血清樣(y信空àng)品中,檢出抗體陽性樣(yàng)品1 3吧計67份,平均抗體陽性率爲30.81新通%;2019年抗體陽性率爲27爸小.88%,2020年爲32.14%,差異不顯著(P>0.05);入境牛抗體陽慢朋性率顯著高于本地牛(P<0.05);雪也養殖場抗體陽性率略高于散養戶和交易市場,但三者間差異不顯著(P>0.05和姐);舍飼牛群的抗體陽性率顯著高于也愛半放牧半舍飼和系牧飼養(P<0.亮新05),黃牛的抗體陽性率明顯高于水牛(P<0.理也05)。結果表明,雲南省邊境地區存冷友在一定程度的AKAV感染且有加重趨勢,入境牛感染風險較高厭農,需持續開(kāi)展血清學(xué)調查和監測,加強境外牛的檢見答疫和移動控制,降低AKAV向(xiàng)内地擴散的風險。都習本研究摸清了雲南省邊境地區牛群中的AKAV流行本底喝山,爲今後(hòu)該病毒流行控制策略的研究木舊與制定提供了參考。Serological Invest務熱igation on Akabane Virus in Bo快她rder Areas of Yunnan Prov費中ienceIn order to investigate t算區he prevalence and distribut河可ion of Akabane vir城日us in cattle in b錢少order areas of Yunnan Province,the seru請拿m samples of cattle 玩到were collected from 10 co街森unties/cities in the border ar房照eas from 2019 to 2020 for an短數tibody detection by using competi農北tive ELISA. The results showed that員術 1 367 out of 4 437 sampl有市es were positive,with an av雜友erage positive rate of 30.81%,玩風which tended to increase year by year;t煙站he positive rate was 美分significantly higher in imported catt商樹le compared to that in lo暗厭cal cattle(P<0.05);slightly hi坐南gher in farms compared t草刀o that in free-range 日呢households and trading ma聽樹rkets with no si麗睡gnifcant differenc好些e between them(P>0.05);significant放商ly higher in house-fed cattle可見 compared to that in semi-house-fed and鐵他 grazing ones(P<0.05),signif費章icantly higher in yellow cattl森又e compared to that 歌雨of buffalo(P<0.05). In conclusion,to議音 some extent,the Aka數店bane virus was increasi輛弟ngly spread in the border areas o現不f Yunnan Province,especiall工近y in imported catt看信le,which calls for the conduction 制商of serological investigation and mo生見nitoring,strengthen the quara海老ntine and movement contro哥得l of imported cattle懂工 in order to reduce 玩看any risk of viru裡南s spreading to the mainland.玩這 The prevalence situation of the A問站kabane virus in cattle 志中in the border areas of Yu那公nnan Provience were identified in the 區好paper,which provided a reference著還 for future considerations看離 and development of r村光elevant control strategies.原文鏈接:https:/木時/kns.cnki.net/kcms/為秒detail/detail.a雜紙spx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTO&務購filename=ZGDW202207002&子銀uniplatform=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2e我化DAnfqBwfYDVye-XM4gEgAncl8BY4-白討RR7KSu7XbMkdMuLSO算錢3eTmADXpE
2022-07-19
2021年河南省O型口蹄疫免疫效果評估
爲了解河南省O型口蹄疫(FMD)的免疫抗體水平,評估其免疫效果,2021空廠年在河南省規模場、屠宰場與散養戶,随機采集785場次22 879份血清樣(微是yàng)品,采用ELISA方法檢測O型FM飛好D免疫抗體,并對(duì)檢測結果進(jìn)行不同畜種(zhǒ雪工ng)、不同場點類型、不同季節、不同行政區域的統計分析。森人結果顯示:2021年全省O型FMD抗體免疫合格率爲80.30%,其物些中豬、牛、羊抗體免疫合格率分别爲79.09%、92.48%、72.26%。豬場生制中,種(zhǒng)豬場、商品代場、屠宰場O型FMD抗體免疫店什合格率分别爲85.24%、82.57%、65.56%;牛場中,種(zhǒ話城ng)牛場、商品代場、屠宰場、散養戶O型FMD抗體免的笑疫合格率分别爲96.72%、91.75%、94.17%、100%;羊場中,種要喝(zhǒng)羊場、商品代場、散養戶O型FM訊內D抗體免疫合格率分别爲78.63%工北、72.37%、69.46%。春、夏、秋、冬季的O制相型FMD抗體免疫合格率分别爲79.42%、79.的在00%、80.58%、86.12%。18個地市中,有2個地市O型FMD抗體免志冷疫合格率低于70%。結果表明:河南省O型口蹄疫整體免疫效果較好(hǎo),什在但羊場免疫效果相對(duì)較差,尤其是散這也養戶,免疫抗體合格率未達到70%,存在西喝疫情發(fā)生風險。結果提示,需重點加強羊飼養場尤其是散志輛養戶的O型FMD免疫工作。Evaluation o對吃n the Immune Effects of FMD-個自O Vaccine in He下務nan Province in 2021In order to identi靜拍fy the immune status路樹 of foot-and-mouth disease subtype 為白O(FMD-O)in Henan Provi吃匠nce and to evaluate its裡木 immune effects,2機員2 879 serum samples were rand議吃omly collected from 785 premises/民和times in intensive farms,子相slaughter houses and 放雨free-range house到房holds in 2021 to detect廠河 antibody against FMDV by ELIS鐘民A,then the test results were analyz術兵ed based on animal species,types o通有f premises,different seasons and admi著為nistrative regions. The r票員esults showed that the immunization ra頻遠te of FMD-O was 80.30%鄉議 across the province,specificall服美y,79.09%,92.48% an麗票d 72.26% respectively in pigs,cattle 務志and sheep;for swine farms,85.24%,82作科.57% and 65.56% respectively in br南匠eeding farms,commercial farms個歌 and slaughter houses;for cattle farms,兵物96.72%,91.75%,94.17% and 100% 門兵respectively in breeding farms,commerc對什ial farms,slaug業女hter houses and free-range househ志喝olds;for sheep farms,78.63%,72錯西.37% and 69.46% respectively in breedin計公g farms,commercial farms and的紙 free-range hous這紙eholds;79.42%,79.00%,80.58% and間草 86.12% respectively in s術街pring,summer,autumn an數我d winter;and below 70% in two of 18 c站通ities. In conclusion,the immu謝黑ne status of FMD地雨-O was generally well in Hena有兵n Province,and the immunization rate厭理 exceeded the national st快又andard(70%),but朋遠 poor in sheep farm理你s,especially free-range households(<7討訊0%)where a risk of diseas理風e occurrence was available. Theref器化ore,it was necessary to str化短engthen immunization against FMD-O in 熱拿sheep farms espe女暗cially free-range households.原文鏈接:http腦場s://kns.cnki.net關們/kcms/detail/detail.aspx坐黑?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTO聽地&filename=ZGDW2022畫明07024&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=vPzqR5W2e近地DADPsj4ka7FchIPK_0CF2S-N95xt5金司aimaYiBcPEq5-a23sCvcb5個間iGXM
2022-07-19
羊布魯氏菌病直接經(jīng)濟損失與防控成(ch黑呢éng)本效益分析方法構建及實證研究
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2022-07-15
雲南省江城縣山羊地方性鼻内腫瘤病毒檢測及序列分析
爲了解雲南省山羊群中的地方性鼻内腫務遠瘤病毒(enzootic nasal tumor vi短慢rus,ENTV)感染情況,2017年在雲南省南部邊境地區江城中亮縣采集山羊血分離血漿,采用随機P舞要CR(random PCR)進(jìn)行擴增、克隆,結果從20份血漿是坐中獲得與ENTV 2型(ENTV-2)同源性較一關高的2條序列;根據ENTV-2 CHN1(KU258870)內分毒株序列設計一套半巢式引物,對(duì)采集的20份血漿進(jì街會n)行核酸檢測,結果4份爲陽性。序列分析發房森(fā)現,檢測到的4條序列與四姐美川、福建等地流行的ENTV-2位于同一個進(jìn)化分草算支,它們之間的核苷酸同源性爲96.3%~99.5%,氨基酸同源性爲95.3照內%~99.0%,提示江城縣羊群中流行的ENV-2可討風能(néng)與四川省、福建省流行毒株相關;位窗可點分析結果顯示,江城縣的這(zhè)4份ENTV-2核酸陽性樣(y習媽àng)品在env蛋白186和204位發(fā)生了獨特請子的“G→E”氨基酸位點突變,其中1份在178位還(山術hái)發(fā)生了“T→P”的氨基酸位點突變。吧拿結果表明,江城縣山羊群中存在ENTV-人冷2感染,且流行的ENTV-2呈現一些特有的分子特物自征。因此,雲南省需要加強ENTV監測麗身,了解其在山羊群中的流行情況及妹聽其演變規律。本研究爲進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展ENTV感染調查和山城聽羊呼吸道(dào)疾病的診斷和預防提供了依據。Detec村短tion and Sequence Analysis of Goat Enzo微路otic Nasal Tumor Vi船器rus in Jiangcheng 還森County,Yunnan ProvinceIn近文 order to investiga銀筆te the infection of enzootic nasal 話姐tumor virus(ENTV)in goats in Yunnan P子長rovince,goat blood was collected i現市n 2017 to isolate pl湖會asma in Jiangcheng Co機男unty,the southern border area of 但內Yunnan Province,followed by農湖 amplification by random PCR and clone暗腦,then two sequence舞呢s with high homology with ENTV國村-2 were obtained f讀如rom 20 plasma samples;子物a set of semi-nested primers w舊刀ere designed based on the sequence行紙 of ENTV-2 CHN1(KU2草鄉58870)to detect the nucleic acid 到章of 20 plasma samples,in which four we舊和re positive. It was found that,by 機件sequence analysis,the店畫 four sequences wer好工e located in the same evoluti信農onary clade as ENTV-2 prev用低alent in Sichuan and F車件ujian provinces,with 有玩nucleotide homology of 96.3% 很聽to 99.5% and amino acid homolog國制y of 95.3% to 99.0%,w日是hich indicated that ENTV-話銀2 prevalent in goat術厭s in the county might be related 長煙to those in Sichuan and Fuji年道an provinces;by si新愛te analysis,a unique“G→E”amin好讀o acid mutation was obs朋場erved in the four strains街慢 when they were located at相不 the positions of 186 an裡又d 204 of env protein,and“T→P”in刀術 one strain at the positi謝能on of 178. In conclusio微購n,goats in the county were infect林的ed with ENTV-2 that showed 黑近some unique molecular ch女綠aracteristics. Therefo遠自re,ENTV should be s城不trictly monitored to ide做知ntify its prevalence and rule話醫 of evolution in go事男ats in the provi動亮nce,and then to provide a ba機愛sis for further efforts agai我腦nst the disease.空道原文鏈接:https://chn到從.oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.雨海aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=C雨南JFDAUTO&filename=腦不ZGDW202206009&uniplatfor中新m=OVERSEAS_CHS&v=vPzqR5W2海亮eDCZvASTWiM59wn_jgjssTDzGgIlUM慢校sP_isU4kenVwLuGwzR50Yssf女地dA
2022-06-27
雲南省某養雞場鼻氣管鳥杆菌核酸檢測及其16S rDNA基因序列分析
爲确定雲南省易門縣某養雞場大量肉雞出現流鼻涕、打噴嚏、面還短(miàn)部腫脹、食欲下降的原因,采集病死肉雞鼻腔黏液銀水及肺、氣管等組織,處理後(hòu水有)提取病原核酸,通過(guò)RT-會快PCR/PCR方法分别檢測禽流感病毒(AIV)、公為傳染性喉氣管炎病毒(ILTV)兵師、鼻氣管鳥杆菌(ORT)、雞副嗜血杆菌(ICV)。結果顯示學街,僅ORT爲核酸陽性,其他病原均爲陰性。對(duì)檢出的ORT陽性樣友拿(yàng)品16S rDNA基因進(jìn)行序列分析發(fā)現,陽性樣錢站(yàng)品與伊朗分離株和土耳其/匈牙利分離株的同源性均在99技票.7%以上,都(dōu)處于同分玩一分支内,與國(guó)内2014年的報道(dào)一緻,說(shuō)明雲南電術省流行的ORT變異較少,僅具有相對(duì)短的進(jìn)化輛市史。本研究對(duì)于指導該地區雞群細菌病防控具有參考意義算話。Nucleic Acid De跳著tection and 16S rDNA Gene Sequence Ana文國lysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotrachea少南le in a Chicken Farm in Yun腦匠nan ProvinveIn or黑近der to determine the ca空火uses of runny nose,sn什金eezing,facial swelling and loss遠道 of appetite in a large山答 number of broiler chickens in a farm時人 in Yimen Count兵東y,Yunnan Province,tissues such as nasa和放l mucus,lungs and trachea 筆行of dead broiler chicke國體ns were collected to extract the nucle妹睡ic acid of the pathogen after 的醫disposal,then to detect avian in討場fluenza virus(AIV),infectious l身吃aryngotracheitis熱小 virus(ILTV),Ornith可東obacterium rhinotracheale(ORT)and Ha子子emophilus paraga木們llinium(ICV),respectively by RT-PCR厭爸/PCR. The results showed that posit刀舊ive nucleic acid was observ城科ed only in ORT,and nega話麗tive in all other pathogens. 黑們The sequence of 16S rDNA gene of t習照he detected ORT positive s書了amples was analyzed,and it was found t刀水hat the 16S rDNA gene had more聽市 than 99.7% homology w你和ith the Iranian and T的子urkey/Hungary isolates,all of which風紅 were located in t弟森he same branch,which w要頻as similar to the infor話畫mation reported in China in 20老的14,indicating fewer pat站哥hogenic variations of ORT prevalent in 科訊Yunnan Province and a relatively short地文 evolutionary history. Therefor鄉科e,the study was of re相內ference significance to guide the pr雜兒evention and control of bact光船erial diseases in chicken flocks i舊事n the region.原文鏈接:https://chn.o也校versea.cnki.net/KC來校MS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=C吧機JFD&dbname=CJFDAUTO&filena筆山me=ZGDW202206008&uniplatform=OVERSEAS_算為CHS&v=vPzqR5W2eDCB7zxSyNxSO9bq9SIk0r弟村OPqGDBEQqPmEGsEQzh_VFZyzZR呢匠TA0uLKmR
2022-06-27
禽網狀内皮組織增生症病毒山東SD2101株的分離鑒定及全基因組序列和緻病性分兵朋析
禽網狀内皮組織增生症病毒(reticuloendotheliosis vi遠多rus,REV)是一種(zhǒng)常見的禽腫瘤性病毒,可誘發(fā)感染雞路器群免疫抑制,給我國(guó)養禽業帶來巨大經(jī體內ng)濟損失。本試驗運用DF-1細胞接種(zhǒng)方法,在山東省某父母代白歌聽羽肉種(zhǒng)雞場雞群中分志下離到1株REV,將(jiāng)其命名爲SD2101株。爲掌握SD2101株服務基因組遺傳演化特征,設計合成(c從關héng)6對(duì)引物,通過(guò)PCR擴增獲得計到了SD2101株的前病毒全基因說煙組序列,并與GenBank下載的參考毒株進(jìn)行了序列比對地友(duì)和遺傳進(jìn)化分析。結果顯新厭示:SD2101株前病毒全基因組具有典型複制完整型逆轉錄病和到毒的基因組結構,與2011年分離自江蘇省的雞源REV野毒株HA1101同慢去源性最高;遺傳進(jìn)化分析發(fā)現,SD2101株與大部分國(gu民自ó)内分離株處于同一進(jìn)化支上。爲了解SD2101株的緻病性到月,將(jiāng)分離毒株接種(zhǒng)于1日齡SPF雞熱頻,通過(guò)體質量、免疫器官指數和滅活疫苗免疫應動舞答等指标進(jìn)行評價。結果顯示,SD2101株對(duì)得妹1日齡SPF雞的生長(cháng)和免疫功能(néng)具有明顯的抑制作司如用。綜上,與參考毒株相比,SD2101株基因組序列變異程度較小,具有一定緻病吃物作用,提示在生産中應加強對(duì)REV的喝熱關注和監測。本研究爲REV的流行病學(xué)研化空究提供了信息資料。Isolation南討 and Identification of 章微Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus S銀人D2101 Strain from Shandong Provin工哥ce and Analysis on Its Whole Genome什大 Sequence and PathogenicityRetic問中uloendotheliosis virus(REV),a common媽跳 avian neoplastic virus,could 花請induce immunosuppression in從藍 infected chickens 家關and bring huge economic losses區新 to poultry industry in Ch明船ina. In this study用工,a REV strain was isolated from chicken到關 flocks in a pare有慢ntal farm in Shandong Province議亮 through inoculating DF麗那-1 cells and named as SD那行2101. In order to inve木關stigate its genetic evolution charac多要teristics,six pairs of primers 劇票were designed and synthesized t厭事o obtain the whole genome sequ樹電ence of its provirus by using PCR ampli離一fication,followed by 刀近sequence alignment and analy秒可sis on genetic evolution with the ref的高erence strains 店用downloaded from GenBa現船nk. The results訊坐 showed that the pr玩聽ovirus was with a typical geno她玩me structure of replica你場tion-competent retr做哥ovirus,with the highest homology是爸 with HA1101 which was 醫藍isolated from chickens in Ji哥吧angsu Province in 白場2011. It was found that就光,by analysis on genetic生吃 evolution,SD2101 strain 來行was on the same evolutionary clade a飛算s most domestic isolates. In order t科老o identify the pathogeni小知city of SD2101 strain,the isola化的te was inoculat術秒ed into one-day-ol村月d specific pathogen fre呢生e(SPF)chickens,作聽which was then evaluate聽見d by body weight,indexes of暗員 immune organs 海如and immune response of inactiv對慢ated vaccine. In conclusion,the 木秒growth and immu要樂ne functions of one-day-old SPF chicke男玩ns were signific是體antly inhibited by SD鄉女2101 strain. Compared with the refer員銀ence strain,a small degree of genom都風ic sequence var妹樹iation was observed in SD2101 strain,w低鄉ith certain pathogenicity. Scientific 金不data was thus provided for少木 further epidemiological research on RE票去V,as it was suggested to focu數數s on and monitor the virus in prac在門tice. 原文鏈接:http文吃s://chn.oversea.cnki.net我個/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode學匠=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTO&飛爸filename=ZGDW202206007&uniplatfor姐北m=OVERSEAS_CHS&v=vP雜土zqR5W2eDDCCa8x0eUlqRwe3K白讀UFA0bYqdbrEhm8tVlQwrLX來兵EqbGNtRqMXLlpanp
2022-06-27
3株禽副黏病毒4型國(guó)内分離株的基因組序列及生物學(xué)中土特性分析
爲了解我國(guó)近年來新出現的禽副黏病毒4型(APMV-4)的生資關物學(xué)特性,對(duì)2020年分作玩離鑒定的3株鴨源APMV-4進(jìn)行緻病性路開分析和基因組測定。結果顯示:3株APMV-4分離株司呢F蛋白裂解位點均爲116DIPQR↓F121笑麗,1日齡雛雞腦内接種(zhǒng)緻病指數(ICPI)我歌爲0~0.23,對(duì)雞表現爲低緻病力。3株分商問離毒株基因組長(cháng)度均森員爲15 054 nt,基因組結構順序均爲3'-N-P-M話街-F-HN-L-5',符合典型的副黏病毒基因組“六堿基原則”;病毒3&冷北#39;端具有55 nt的前導快道序列,5'端存在17 nt的尾随序列,各基因間有9~42 nt的基男哥因間隔序列;3株分離毒株與APMV-4代拍靜表株同源性最高(97.2%~97.5%),與其餘禽副黏病毒同源性工美爲37.1%~47.3%,與中國(guó)香港、韓國(guó)草見分離株高度同源。結果表明,我國(guó)新出現的作日鴨源APMV-4爲弱毒株,基因組序列同源性較高,土鐘關鍵氨基酸位點未發(fā)生變異。本研究爲進(jìn)一步了解APMV-4 和老得科學(xué)防控APMV-4感染提供了參考。Anal河開ysis on the Genome Sequence and來他 Biological Characteristics of錢筆 Three Avian Paramyxovirus-4 Is如畫olated in ChinaIn order to in森黃vestigate the biological character體哥istics of avian pa河可ramyxovirus type 4(APMV-4)newly e人頻merged in China in recent說會 years,pathogenicity 理她and genome analysis were carried out o志自n three APMV-4 商還strains isolated fr路動om ducks in 2020. The r雨是esults showed that all the F 暗林protein cleavage sites of the three st購空rains was 116DIPQR↓F121. The int開白racerebral pathogeni多東city index(ICPI)in on歌水e-day-old chickens 我聽was from 0 to 0.23,indicating 時店low pathogenicity to chickens. 畫時The genome length of the three s了坐trains was 15 054 nt,and 3'-N-P-M-空喝F-HN-L-5' in the order of structur分舊e,which conformed to 訊熱the typical“six bases principle”of pa能綠ramyxovirus genom媽車e;55 nt leading sequen話鄉ce was observed at很快 3' end of the virus,報她and 17 nt trailing sequence a很河t 5' end,a gene interva到聽l sequence of 9 to 微謝42 nt was available between ea光子ch gene;the homology體子 of the three strain作劇s with the representative strain of A討公PMV-4 was highest(97.2% to 97.5%)們放,37.1% to 47.3% with other APMVs,and 是坐highly closest to 媽懂those isolated in Hong Ko秒劇ng China and Korea. In con什雜clusion,APMV-4 was low virulent as a 公微new duck derived s火相train in China,with hig男工h homology and no mutation was observe雜人d in key amino acid吃花 sites. A reference was thus provided f門家or further research on APMV-多線4 and scientific prevention and contr麗路ol of its infection.原文志湖鏈接:https://chn.oversea.校問cnki.net/KCMS/detail/det高村ail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTO&f說務ilename=ZGDW202206006&un工空iplatform=OVERSEAS_CHS&v=vPzq身鐘R5W2eDCNLdU1OVoT暗微JzxU6eKV_LbCVxnU-hhyaD01yGabH不空Asbf86DqRiE8YKQ
2022-06-27
豬流行性腹瀉病毒山東SD20BZ01株的分離鑒定及遺傳進(jìn)化分析
爲了解山東省豬流行性腹瀉病毒(porcine epidemic diarrh錯綠ea virus,PEDV)基因組遺傳演化特征,將(jiāng)山東省濱爸線州市某豬場的PEDV陽性樣(yàng)品接種(zhǒng)Ver動姐o E6細胞,結果成(chéng)功分離到1株PEDV鐘跳,將(jiāng)其命名爲SD20BZ01株。通過(gu嗎聽ò)RT-PCR分段擴增病毒基因組,經(jīng)測序我可、拼接獲得SD20BZ01株全基因組序列,并將(jiā可和ng)其與GenBank收錄的參廠女考毒株序列進(jìn)行同源性比對(d弟裡uì)和遺傳進(jìn)化分析。全基因組序列機在分析結果顯示,SD20BZ01株與笑公我國(guó)2010年以來流行的GII-器地b亞群變異株序列同源性爲97.8%~98.7%,章數明顯高于CV777、DR13、姐船SM98、SD-M等早期經(jīng)典毒株,因此SD20BZ01屬于GII月是-b亞群變異株。基于S基因的遺傳進(jìn)化關系與基于全基因組序秒女列的遺傳進(jìn)化關系基本一緻。與CV777株相比,SD20BZ01株S蛋雨花白在中和抗原表位COE處有10個氨基酸突變,與近年來變異株S蛋白的氨基酸序列基姐分本一緻,說(shuō)明GII-b亞群PE地草DV的變異規律逐漸趨于穩定。本研究機影爲山東省PEDV流行病學(xué)研究及其流行控制策略的制定請訊提供了理論依據。Isolation,Identificat什對ion and Genetic Evolution A玩有nalysis of Porcine Epidem銀信ic Diarrhea Virus SD20農不BZ01 Strain in Shandong ProvinceIn 用弟order to investig朋市ate the genetic e他樂volution characteristic影嗎s of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PE坐林DV)in Shandong Province,PEDV-positive 通少samples collected fr上西om a swine farm in Binzhou City of身畫 Shandong Province were ino下我culated with Vero E6 ce裡北lls,then a strain of PEDV wa化校s successfully isolated,then named a票關s SD20BZ01. Viral吧我 genome fragments were amplified 們影by RT-PCR to obtain its whole下為 genome sequence throu路微gh sequencing and splicing,t腦讀hen the homology and genetic evolu章站tion relationship were compared w志河ith the reference s老習train registered 關河in GenBank. It was found that,飛如by the analysis of whol銀麗e genome sequence,the homology of 對跳SD20BZ01 and GII-b農電 variants prevale校煙nt in China since 2010 was線間 from 97.8% to 98.7%,which was signific服員antly higher than 海近early classical st用如rains like CV77窗山7,DR13,SM98 and近好 SD-M. It was determined廠如 that SD20BZ01 was belonged to GII-b廠錢 subtype variants. The genetic e光近volutionary relationship bas金空ed on S gene was gen看讀erally consistent with that b畫身ased on the whole genome seq醫筆uence. Compared with CV777,the 腦長S protein of SD20BZ01 harbored 10 習坐amino acid mutation還大s in the neutralizing antigen epitope音費,while was basica黑我lly consistent with the amino aci藍文d sequence of S prote聽制in of variants prevalent i了又n recent years,答男indicating that the rules of女現 variation of G年秒II-b subtype PEDV tended to be sta和內ble gradually. A theore員黑tical basis was thus prov嗎作ided for future epidemiological r金妹esearch as well as development of 員道prevention and control strateg兒用y against PEDV in 司都Shandong Province.全文下載鏈接:https://chn.o校刀versea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx很算?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUT快她O&filename=ZGDW202206005&uniplat得匠form=OVERSEAS_CHS&v=vP樹暗zqR5W2eDBD3TJuF7oWdBhvEspuPhNpB7av人明ssGxoqjJELGx1EHO0DMNUvx3VVuN飛好
2022-06-17
2021年全球高緻病性禽流感疫情分析
爲了解2021年全球高緻病性禽流感疫情情況,分析其流行趨勢,以有效應對(du裡務ì)疫情發(fā)生,從農業農村部(畜牧獸醫局)、香港特區衛生防護中心來草以及台灣地區農業委員會(huì)動植物防疫檢疫局等官方網站,有道收集2021年全球高緻病性禽流感疫情件動信息,從時(shí)間、空間、群間三個維度進(jìn)行裡身統計分析。結果顯示:2021年全球共有65個國(區大guó)家和地區報告發(fā)生高緻病性禽流感疫情,疫情數同比增長(chán畫紙g)250.64%;疫情呈現明顯的季節性,1月、4—5月、11—12電拿月疫情報告較多,其中12月爲疫情高峰;1—8月主要流行H5N8亞型刀多,9月以後(hòu)H5N1成(chéng)爲主要空藍流行型;歐洲報告的疫情次數最多,其次是亞洲和非洲;感染又但家禽和野禽種(zhǒng)類多,病毒亞型多樣(yàng不商)。結果表明,2021年全球高緻病性禽流感疫情形勢十分男錯嚴峻,我國(guó)應及時(shí)出台應對(duì)措施,強間樂化監測預警,有效防控國(guó)内疫情。Analysis on Global 民舊Outbreak of Highly Pathogen拍校ic Avian Influe業又nza in 2021In order to investigate th飛說e status of global outbreak of 學話highly pathogenic avian influenza照黃(HPAI)in 2021,to a現那nalyze its prevalent t姐亮rend,then to effectively response to a著空ny occurrence of outbreaks,relevant inf弟吃ormation was collected from official we鐵中bsites of Ministry of Agri購市culture and Rural Affairs(Animal Hus外朋bandry and Veterinary Bureau),身你Hong Kong Center for Health了鐵 Protection and Taiwan Counci兒高l of Agriculture(Bureau of Anima還請l and Plant Health I們農nspection and Qua黃懂rantine),and sta嗎山tistically analyzed by three 知玩dimensions:time,spa村美ce and inter group. Th相森e results showed that,H的哥PAI was reported by 6那對5 countries and哥長 regions in 2021,with時西 a year-on-year increase of 250.64%她影;obvious seasonality was ob公關served,especially in January,時章April-May,November-December個黑,and in December知數 when the outbreak 數見peaked;H5N8 subtype was mainly pr體看evalent during January-A樹低ugust,while H5N1 become more d不資ominant after September;most o長答utbreaks were reported in Europe,f服信ollowed by Asia and關喝 Africa;a wide var匠也iety of poultry and wild birds wer花短e infected with diverse都雨 virus subtypes.小票 In conclusion,the status o多年f global outbreak of HPA門章I was very serious in 2021,cou去筆ntermeasures should 弟飛be timely developed in China to s場討trengthen surveilla畫白nce and monitoring and to ef地聽fectively prevent and control紙間 the disease.全文下載鏈接:https://暗冷chn.oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/d長南etail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD離國AUTO&filename=ZGDW202206004&u影務niplatform=OVERSEAS_CHS&v=山通vPzqR5W2eDBkoQwPU麗是cytqx5OAMUJsQ_FkInAbGmJarwqZ1VEJhk錯哥DyNT7n-m_PO-n
2022-06-17
北京市延慶區農業局(北京市延慶區動物衛生監督管理局)浙江省甯海縣五豐堂房船呢屋招租公告
北京市延慶區農業局(北京市延慶區動物衛生監督管理局知做)生物技術研發(fā)中心招租公告
第六期獸醫現場流行病學(xué)培訓項目基礎培訓班開(kāi)大家始報名
全國(guó)非洲豬瘟複養技術大講堂
成(chéng)立農業農村部動物病原哥現微生物實驗室生物安全評審專家委員會(huì)
成(chéng)立第三屆全國(guó)動物衛生風險評估專家委員可著會(huì)
國(guó)新辦舉行穩定生豬生産、保障市場供應有關情況發(fā)布會(裡車huì)
關于在非洲豬瘟防控工作中做好(hǎo)消毒劑選擇從銀工作的通知
研讨基層獸醫機構能(néng)力建設,啓動效能(né門為ng)評估工作
國(guó)新辦舉行加強非洲豬瘟防控工在高作有關情況吹風會(huì)